S. 146: TAKE IT DOWN Act · WHAT THE LAW DOIN

AI-drafted · 0 of 1 human reviewsBill text used: Enrolled bill, as signed into law (Public Law 119-12) · updated Oct 26, 2026

This breakdown was drafted by AI from the official documents and passed our automatic checks: every quoted word was found in its source, and every number comes from an official record. A person must review it before we mark it reviewed. Tap any small number to see the exact words a sentence rests on.

At a glance

Sourced

It is now a federal crime to post sexual images of a real person online without their consent.
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it shall be unlawful for any person, in interstate or foreign commerce, to use an interactive computer service to knowingly publish an intimate visual depiction of an identifiable individual who is not a minor[4] S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 2(a)(2) → inserted (h)(2)(A)
That includes fake images made with AI that look real.
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created through the use of software, machine learning, artificial intelligence, or any other computer-generated or technological means[4] S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 2(a)(2) → inserted (h)(1)(B)
Websites and apps where users post content must take such an image down within 48 hours after the person in it asks.
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not later than 48 hours after receiving such request[4] S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 3(a)(3)
The bill became law on May 19, 2025.
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2025-05-19 | Library of Congress | Became Public Law No: 119-12.[1] Official bill status record for S. 146 · Actions, 2025-05-19

What it would mean for you

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If someone posts an intimate image of you

You can make the site take it down within 48 hours

Send the site a written request with your signature.
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a physical or electronic signature of the identifiable individual[4] S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 3(a)(1)(B)(i)
Say where the image is and that you did not agree to it being posted.
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information reasonably sufficient for the covered platform to locate, the intimate visual depiction[4] S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 3(a)(1)(B)(ii)a brief statement that the identifiable individual has a good faith belief that any intimate visual depiction identified under clause (ii) is not consensual[4] S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 3(a)(1)(B)(iii)
The site must remove it, and try to find and remove exact copies, within 48 hours.
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not later than 48 hours after receiving such request[4] S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 3(a)(3)make reasonable efforts to identify and remove any known identical copies of such depiction[4] S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 3(a)(3)(B)
If a site ignores you, you can complain to the Federal Trade Commission at TakeItDown.ftc.gov.
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a website allowing victims and survivors to submit complaints about platforms[10] FTC press release: FTC Begins Enforcing Take It Down Act (May 19, 2026) · Press release, May 19, 2026

If you are a parent

Posting images of a minor carries a longer sentence

Posting an intimate image of a child to abuse, humiliate, or harass them is a crime.
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abuse, humiliate, harass, or degrade the minor[4] S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 2(a)(2) → inserted (h)(2)(B)(i)
The maximum prison sentence is 3 years when the victim is a minor and 2 years when the victim is an adult.
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imprisoned not more than 3 years[4] S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 2(a)(2) → inserted (h)(4)(B)imprisoned not more than 2 years[4] S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 2(a)(2) → inserted (h)(4)(A)
Threatening to post a fake image of a child can bring up to 30 months in prison.
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imprisoned not more than 30 months[4] S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 2(a)(2) → inserted (h)(6)(B)(ii)

If you run a website, forum, or app

You need a way for people to ask for removal

A public site or app built mainly around posts from users must set up a removal process.
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that primarily provides a forum for user-generated content[4] S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 4(3)(A)(ii)(I)a covered platform shall establish a process[4] S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 3(a)(1)(A)
You must post a clear notice, in plain language, that explains how to ask for removal.
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is easy to read and in plain language[4] S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 3(a)(2)(A)
Nonprofit sites are covered too.
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with respect to organizations that are not organized to carry on business for their own profit[4] S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 3(b)(2)(D)
Failing to reasonably comply is treated like breaking an FTC consumer-protection rule.
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shall be treated as a violation of a rule defining an unfair or a deceptive act or practice[4] S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 3(b)(1)

If you post things online

Flagged posts can come down before anyone checks

A site cannot be sued for removing a flagged image in good faith, even if the image turns out to be legal.
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regardless of whether the intimate visual depiction is ultimately[4] S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 3(a)(4)
The law's process is only for asking a site to remove an image, not for asking to put a post back.
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submit a request for the covered platform to remove such intimate visual depiction[4] S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 3(a)(1)(A)(ii)

What this bill does not do

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Email services and internet providers do not have to run takedown systems.
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A provider of broadband internet access service[4] S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 4(3)(B)(i)Electronic mail.[4] S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 4(3)(B)(ii)
For adults, the crime does not cover images the person showed in public or for business.
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what is depicted was not voluntarily exposed by the identifiable individual in a public or commercial setting[4] S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 2(a)(2) → inserted (h)(2)(A)(ii)
It also does not cover images that are a matter of public concern.
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what is depicted is not a matter of public concern[4] S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 2(a)(2) → inserted (h)(2)(A)(iii)
Police, doctors, and people reporting a crime in good faith are not breaking this law.
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to a law enforcement officer or agency[4] S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 2(a)(2) → inserted (h)(2)(C)(ii)(I)as part of medical education, diagnosis, or treatment[4] S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 2(a)(2) → inserted (h)(2)(C)(ii)(III)

Current law vs. the bill

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Every place the bill changes existing law. On the left, the law as it stands today, quoted from the U.S. Code. On the right, the bill's words.

47 U.S.C. 223(h)Adds a new subsection

Current law

Nothing in subsection (a), (d), (e), or (f) or in the defenses to prosecution under subsection (a) or (d) shall be construed to affect or limit the application or enforcement of any other Federal law.
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Nothing in subsection (a), (d), (e), or (f) or in the defenses to prosecution under subsection (a) or (d) shall be construed to affect or limit the application or enforcement of any other Federal law.[6] 47 U.S.C. 223, U.S. Code 2024 edition (law before the Act) · (g)

Before the law, this section went straight from subsection (g) to the definitions in (h). The word "intimate" does not appear anywhere in it.

The bill

Intentional disclosure of nonconsensual intimate visual depictions
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Intentional disclosure of nonconsensual intimate visual depictions[4] S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 2(a)(2) → inserted (h)

In plain words: A new subsection (h) creates the crimes, penalties, and exceptions described above.

by inserting after subsection (g) the following:[4] S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 2(a)(2)

47 U.S.C. 223(h) → (i)Renumbers

Current law

(h) Definitions
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(h) Definitions[6] 47 U.S.C. 223, U.S. Code 2024 edition (law before the Act) · (h)

The bill

by redesignating subsection (h) as subsection (i)
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by redesignating subsection (h) as subsection (i)[4] S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 2(a)(1)

In plain words: The old definitions subsection keeps its words but becomes subsection (i).

by redesignating subsection (h) as subsection (i)[4] S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 2(a)(1)

47 U.S.C. 223(e)(1)Adds words

Current law

No person shall be held to have violated subsection (a) or (d) solely for providing access or connection
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No person shall be held to have violated subsection (a) or (d) solely for providing access or connection[6] 47 U.S.C. 223, U.S. Code 2024 edition (law before the Act) · (e)(1)

The bill

by striking or (d) and inserting , (d), or (h)
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by striking or (d) and inserting , (d), or (h)[4] S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 2(b)

In plain words: An existing defense for companies that only provide internet access or connection now covers the new crimes too.

Section 223(e)(1) of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 223(e)(1)) is amended by striking or (d) and inserting , (d), or (h).[4] S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 2(b)

New section (codified at 47 U.S.C. 223a)New section

Current law

New: nothing here today.

The bill

a covered platform shall establish a process whereby an identifiable individual
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a covered platform shall establish a process whereby an identifiable individual[4] S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 3(a)(1)(A)

In plain words: A new set of rules makes covered sites run a takedown process. There was no federal takedown duty before.

a covered platform shall establish a process whereby an identifiable individual[4] S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 3(a)(1)(A)

What the bill decides, and what it leaves to others

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Written into the bill

These take effect exactly as written.

The crimes and their maximum prison terms are set by the law itself.
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imprisoned not more than 2 years[4] S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 2(a)(2) → inserted (h)(4)(A)imprisoned not more than 3 years[4] S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 2(a)(2) → inserted (h)(4)(B)
The 48-hour removal deadline is written into the law.
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not later than 48 hours after receiving such request[4] S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 3(a)(3)
What a valid removal request must include is listed in the law.
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shall include, in writing[4] S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 3(a)(1)(B)

Left to agencies or states

The real effect depends on rules someone else writes later.

The FTC decides what counts as failing to reasonably comply, and when to bring a case.
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A failure to reasonably comply with the notice and takedown obligations[4] S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 3(b)(1)
Each site designs its own request process, as long as it meets the law's requirements.
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a covered platform shall establish a process[4] S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 3(a)(1)(A)
The FTC began enforcing the takedown rules on May 19, 2026.
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The Federal Trade Commission today began enforcing the TAKE IT DOWN Act (TIDA)[10] FTC press release: FTC Begins Enforcing Take It Down Act (May 19, 2026) · Press release, May 19, 2026Date: May 19, 2026[10] FTC press release: FTC Begins Enforcing Take It Down Act (May 19, 2026) · Press release date

Section by section

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Sec. 1 Short title: Names the law the TAKE IT DOWN Act.
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or the TAKE IT DOWN Act[4] S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 1
Sec. 2 New federal crimes: It adds a new part to an existing federal law on harassing communications, 47 U.S.C. 223.
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Section 223 of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 223) is amended[4] S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 2(a)
For adults, it is a crime to knowingly post a real intimate image if the person expected privacy and the post is meant to cause harm or does cause harm.
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had a reasonable expectation of privacy[4] S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 2(a)(2) → inserted (h)(2)(A)(i)is intended to cause harm; or[4] S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 2(a)(2) → inserted (h)(2)(A)(iv)(I)causes harm, including psychological, financial, or reputational harm[4] S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 2(a)(2) → inserted (h)(2)(A)(iv)(II)
Posting a realistic fake of an adult is a crime if it is posted without consent and is meant to cause harm or does cause harm.
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the digital forgery was published without the consent of the identifiable individual[4] S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 2(a)(2) → inserted (h)(3)(A)(i)
Agreeing to have a photo taken is not agreeing to have it posted.
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the fact that the identifiable individual provided consent for the creation of the intimate visual depiction shall not establish that the individual provided consent for the publication[4] S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 2(a)(2) → inserted (h)(5)(A)
Threatening to post such images is also a crime.
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Any person who intentionally threatens to commit an offense under paragraph (2)[4] S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 2(a)(2) → inserted (h)(6)(A)
People who are convicted must give up the images and any money they made, and pay their victims.
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any material distributed in violation of that paragraph[4] S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 2(a)(2) → inserted (h)(7)(A)(i)The court shall order restitution[4] S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 2(a)(2) → inserted (h)(8)
Sec. 3 Notice and removal: Within 1 year, covered sites and apps had to set up a way for people to ask for removal of these images.
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Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, a covered platform shall establish a process[4] S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 3(a)(1)(A)
After a valid request, the site must remove the image within 48 hours.
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not later than 48 hours after receiving such request[4] S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 3(a)(3)
The FTC enforces these duties, including against nonprofits.
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the Commission shall enforce this section[4] S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 3(b)(2)(A)organizations that are not organized to carry on business for their own profit[4] S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 3(b)(2)(D)
Sec. 4 Definitions: A covered platform is a public website or app that mainly hosts posts from users.
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that serves the public; and[4] S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 4(3)(A)(i)that primarily provides a forum for user-generated content[4] S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 4(3)(A)(ii)(I)
It leaves out internet providers and email.
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A provider of broadband internet access service[4] S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 4(3)(B)(i)Electronic mail.[4] S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 4(3)(B)(ii)

What changed between versions

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is → es

No changes to the wording.

es → enr

No changes to the wording.

Version codes: ih/is = as introduced, rh/rs = as reported by committee, eh/es = as passed by one chamber, enr = final text sent to the President.

Cost

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The Congressional Budget Office estimated the FTC would spend $4 million over 2025 to 2030 to carry out the House version, H.R. 633.
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would cost the FTC $4 million over the 2025-2030 period[9] CBO cost estimate for H.R. 633, TAKE IT DOWN Act (June 27, 2025) · CBO estimate, June 27, 2025
CBO estimated fines and penalties would change federal revenue and direct spending by less than $500,000 over 2025 to 2035.
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increase revenues and direct spending by less than $500,000[9] CBO cost estimate for H.R. 633, TAKE IT DOWN Act (June 27, 2025) · CBO estimateover the 2025-2035 period[9] CBO cost estimate for H.R. 633, TAKE IT DOWN Act (June 27, 2025) · CBO estimate

Analysis

Every bill gets the same five questions. Arguments are attributed to the people who made them, and each side gets about the same space.

Path to law

The Senate passed the bill without a recorded vote, by unanimous consent.
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Passed Senate without amendment by Unanimous Consent.[1] Official bill status record for S. 146 · Actions, 2025-02-13
The House passed it 409 to 2 under a fast-track procedure that needs a two-thirds vote.
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On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: (2/3 required): 409 - 2 (Roll no. 104)[1] Official bill status record for S. 146 · Actions, 2025-04-28
The President signed it on May 19, 2025.
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2025-05-19 | Library of Congress | Signed by President.[1] Official bill status record for S. 146 · Actions, 2025-05-19

Balance of power

The law gives the FTC a new job: policing whether sites remove specific images on time.
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A failure to reasonably comply with the notice and takedown obligations under subsection (a) shall be treated as a violation[4] S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 3(b)(1)
It also lets the FTC act against nonprofits, which it normally cannot reach.
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or any jurisdictional limitation of the Commission, the Commission shall also enforce this section[4] S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 3(b)(2)(D)
House Democrats on the committee warned that the FTC needs to stay independent of the President to enforce this fairly.
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the majority should have taken more care to clarify and strengthen the bill and to defend the statutory independence of the agency that it intends to enforce[5] H. Rept. 119-82, House Energy and Commerce Committee report on H.R. 633 (the House version) · Minority Views

Coalitions

Every Democrat and all but 2 Republicans who voted in the House supported it.
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Party D: Yes 202, No 0[8] House roll call 104 (April 28, 2025) · Party totalsParty R: Yes 207, No 2[8] House roll call 104 (April 28, 2025) · Party totals
The 2 no votes came from Republicans Thomas Massie of Kentucky and Eric Burlison of Missouri.
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Eric Burlison (R-MO)[8] House roll call 104 (April 28, 2025) · Members voting NoThomas Massie (R-KY)[8] House roll call 104 (April 28, 2025) · Members voting NoTotals: Yes 409, No 2[8] House roll call 104 (April 28, 2025) · Totals
Opposition outside Congress came mostly from civil-liberties and digital-rights groups, not from either party.
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The bill contains no protections against frivolous or bad-faith takedown requests.[11] Electronic Frontier Foundation, Deeplinks (April 10, 2025) · EFF, April 10, 2025

Precedent

Since 2022, federal law has let victims sue people who share their intimate images without consent.
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may bring a civil action against that person in an appropriate district court of the United States[13] 15 U.S.C. 6851, U.S. Code 2024 edition (civil action for disclosure of intimate images, 2022) · (b)(1)(A)section 1309 of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022[4] S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 2(a)(2) → inserted (h)(1)(E)
This law builds on that one: it uses the same definition of an intimate image and adds criminal penalties and a takedown duty.
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has the meaning given such term in section 1309 of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022 (15 U.S.C. 6851)[4] S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 2(a)(2) → inserted (h)(1)(E)
Its takedown system looks like copyright takedowns, but copyright law lets the poster file a counter notification to get a post restored.
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upon receipt of a counter notification described in paragraph (3)[14] 17 U.S.C. 512, U.S. Code 2024 edition (copyright takedown notices) · (g)(2)(B)
The TAKE IT DOWN Act's process only covers requests to remove.
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submit a request for the covered platform to remove such intimate visual depiction[4] S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 3(a)(1)(A)(ii)

The strongest case on each side

For

Victims, most of them girls, often do not know fake images of them are spreading, and the harm is real even when the image is fake.
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Even though the images are fake, the consequences are very, very real.[7] Congressional Record, House debate, April 28, 2025 (H1644) · H1644
Rep. María Elvira Salazar (R-FL), House sponsor
Victims have had great difficulty getting platforms to remove these images, so a required removal process gives them real power.
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victims report great difficulty in getting such images removed from the internet[7] Congressional Record, House debate, April 28, 2025 (H1644) · H1644
Rep. Frank Pallone (D-NJ), top Democrat on Energy and Commerce
AI makes these images easy to create, and Congress has to protect victims from it.
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As AI becomes more prevalent in our everyday lives, Congress must meet this moment.[7] Congressional Record, House debate, April 28, 2025 (H1644) · H1644
Rep. Madeleine Dean (D-PA), House co-lead

Against

The takedown system has no protection against false or bad-faith requests.
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The bill contains no protections against frivolous or bad-faith takedown requests.[11] Electronic Frontier Foundation, Deeplinks (April 10, 2025) · EFF, April 10, 2025
Electronic Frontier Foundation, digital-rights group
The short deadline pushes sites to remove first and check later, and some may drop encryption so they can scan private messages.
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The legislation's 48-hour takedown deadline means that online service providers, particularly smaller ones, will have to comply quickly to avoid legal risks.[11] Electronic Frontier Foundation, Deeplinks (April 10, 2025) · EFF, April 10, 2025Platforms may respond by abandoning encryption entirely in order to be able to monitor content[11] Electronic Frontier Foundation, Deeplinks (April 10, 2025) · EFF, April 10, 2025
Electronic Frontier Foundation
The rules could be misused by bad actors to take down posts.
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I'm voting NO because I feel this is a slippery slope, ripe for abuse, with unintended consequences[12] CyberScoop, House passage report quoting Rep. Thomas Massie (April 28, 2025) · CyberScoop
Rep. Thomas Massie (R-KY), who voted no

Did this make sense?

Sourced

Three quick questions. Your answers are anonymous and tell us which breakdowns need clearer writing.

1. How long does a covered site have to remove an image after a valid request?

2. Does the law cover AI-made fake images?

3. Which of these does NOT have to run a takedown process?

How this was checked

Sourced

Automatic: every quote matched its source; every number matched an official record.
H. Rept. 119-82, Section-by-Section Analysis: The report covers Sections 1 through 4, the same sections explained here.
H. Rept. 119-82, Changes in Existing Law: The report shows the old subsection (h) Definitions renumbered as (i) and new matter inserted after (g), matching the law changes listed here.
CBO estimate for H.R. 633: Cost figures are quoted from CBO. CBO scored the House version; the text that became law is the same except for two small wording fixes.

Spot an error? See our corrections log and how to report one →

Sources

Sourced

Official bill status record for S. 146 · Official bill record · retrieved Oct 26, 2026
S. 146 as introduced in the Senate (Jan. 16, 2025) · Bill text · retrieved Oct 26, 2026
S. 146 as passed by the Senate (Feb. 13, 2025) · Bill text · retrieved Oct 26, 2026
S. 146 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Bill text · retrieved Oct 26, 2026
H. Rept. 119-82, House Energy and Commerce Committee report on H.R. 633 (the House version) · Committee report · retrieved Oct 26, 2026
47 U.S.C. 223, U.S. Code 2024 edition (law before the Act) · U.S. Code (current law) · retrieved Oct 26, 2026
Congressional Record, House debate, April 28, 2025 (H1644) · Congressional Record · retrieved Oct 26, 2026
House roll call 104 (April 28, 2025) · Roll call vote · retrieved Oct 26, 2026
CBO cost estimate for H.R. 633, TAKE IT DOWN Act (June 27, 2025) · Congressional Budget Office · retrieved Oct 26, 2026 · excerpts recorded by hand, awaiting confirmation
FTC press release: FTC Begins Enforcing Take It Down Act (May 19, 2026) · Federal agency · retrieved Oct 26, 2026 · excerpts recorded by hand, awaiting confirmation
Electronic Frontier Foundation, Deeplinks (April 10, 2025) · News or advocacy · retrieved Oct 26, 2026 · excerpts recorded by hand, awaiting confirmation
CyberScoop, House passage report quoting Rep. Thomas Massie (April 28, 2025) · News or advocacy · retrieved Oct 26, 2026 · excerpts recorded by hand, awaiting confirmation
15 U.S.C. 6851, U.S. Code 2024 edition (civil action for disclosure of intimate images, 2022) · U.S. Code (current law) · retrieved Oct 26, 2026
17 U.S.C. 512, U.S. Code 2024 edition (copyright takedown notices) · U.S. Code (current law) · retrieved Oct 26, 2026

Official summary

Sourced

Tools to Address Known Exploitation by Immobilizing Technological Deepfakes on Websites and Networks Act or the TAKE IT DOWN Act

This act generally prohibits the nonconsensual online publication of intimate visual depictions of individuals, both authentic and computer-generated, and requires certain online platforms (e.g., social media platforms) to promptly remove such depictions upon receiving notice of their existence.

Specifically, the act prohibits the online publication of intimate visual depictions of

• an adult subject where publication is intended to cause or does cause harm to the subject, and where the depiction was published without the subject’s consent or, in the case of an authentic depiction, was created or obtained under circumstances where the adult had a reasonable expectation of privacy; or

• a minor subject where publication is intended to abuse or harass the minor or to arouse or gratify the sexual desire of any person.

Violators are subject to mandatory restitution and criminal penalties, including prison, a fine, or both. Threats to publish intimate visual depictions of a subject are similarly prohibited and subject to criminal penalties.

Separately, covered platforms must establish a process through which subjects of intimate visual depictions may notify the platform of the existence of, and request removal of, an intimate visual depiction including the subject that was published without the subject’s consent. Covered platforms must remove such depictions within 48 hours of notification. Under the act, covered platforms are defined as public websites, online services, or applications that primarily provide a forum for user-generated content.

Official summary by the Congressional Research Service (Public Law, May 19, 2025).

What has happened

Sourced

2025-05-19Became Public Law No: 119-12.Library of Congress
2025-05-19Became Public Law No: 119-12.Library of Congress
2025-05-19Signed by President.Library of Congress
2025-05-19Signed by President.Library of Congress
2025-05-19Presented to President.House floor actions
2025-05-19Presented to President.Library of Congress
2025-04-28Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.House floor actions
2025-04-28On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: (2/3 required): 409 - 2 (Roll no. 104). (text: CR H1644-1645) Roll call recordHouse floor actions
2025-04-28Passed/agreed to in House: On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: (2/3 required): 409 - 2 (Roll no. 104). (text: CR H1644-1645: 1) Roll call recordLibrary of Congress
2025-04-28Considered as unfinished business. (consideration: CR H1669)House floor actions
2025-04-28At the conclusion of debate, the Yeas and Nays were demanded and ordered. Pursuant to the provisions of clause 8, rule XX, the Chair announced that further proceedings on the motion would be postponed.House floor actions
2025-04-28DEBATE - The House proceeded with forty minutes of debate on S. 146.House floor actions
2025-04-28Considered under suspension of the rules. (consideration: CR H1644-1643)House floor actions
2025-04-28Mr. Bilirakis moved to suspend the rules and pass the bill.House floor actions
2025-02-14Held at the desk.House floor actions
2025-02-14Received in the House.House floor actions
2025-02-13Message on Senate action sent to the House.Senate
2025-02-13Passed Senate without amendment by Unanimous Consent. (consideration: CR S988; text: CR S988-990)Senate
2025-02-13Passed/agreed to in Senate: Passed Senate without amendment by Unanimous Consent.Library of Congress
2025-02-13Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation discharged by Unanimous Consent.Senate
2025-02-13Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation discharged by Unanimous Consent.Library of Congress
2025-01-16Read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.Senate
2025-01-16Introduced in SenateLibrary of Congress

Show key steps only

Recorded votes

Sourced

Apr 28, 2025 · House roll call 104 · needed 2/3

On Motion to Suspend the Rules and Pass: Passed 409–2

R 207 yes, 2 no, 11 present or not votingD 202 yes, 0 no, 11 present or not voting

How each member voted · Official record

Cosponsors

Sen. John Barrasso R-WY
Sen. Marsha Blackburn R-TN
Sen. Richard Blumenthal D-CT
Sen. Cory A. Booker D-NJ
Sen. Ted Budd R-NC
Sen. Shelley Moore Capito R-WV
Sen. Bill Cassidy R-LA
Sen. Catherine Cortez Masto D-NV
Sen. John R. Curtis R-UT
Sen. Martin Heinrich D-NM
Sen. John W. Hickenlooper D-CO
Sen. Amy Klobuchar D-MN
Sen. Cynthia M. Lummis R-WY
Sen. Gary C. Peters D-MI
Sen. Jacky Rosen D-NV
Sen. Adam B. Schiff D-CA
Sen. Jeanne Shaheen D-NH
Sen. Tim Sheehy R-MT
Sen. Raphael G. Warnock D-GA
Sen. Roger F. Wicker R-MS
Sen. Todd Young R-IN