WHAT THE LAW DOINCongress, in plain words

S. 629 · 119th Congress · Public Law 119-102

Emergency Conservation Program Improvement Act of 2025

Became lawAgriculture and Food
IntroducedFeb 19, 2025
Passed SenateMar 24, 2026
Passed HouseJun 23, 2026
To PresidentJun 30, 2026
Became lawJul 12, 2026

How this bill changes the law

Sourced

S. 629 changed 2 sections of existing law. Read from the bill text in its final form, as sent to the President.

16 U.S.C. 2201

16 U.S.C. 2206

What the words changed: every change, in place (8)

Today's wording of each part of the law, with what was struck out and added. Each change also gives the bill's own instruction, word for word.

  1. 16 U.S.C. 2201(b)changedby S. 629 Sec. 2(1)

    (b) Repair or replacement of fencing and other emergency conservation measures. (1) In general. With respect to a payment to an agricultural producer under subsection (a) for the repair or replacement of fencing, the Secretary shall give the agricultural producer the option of receiving not more than 25 percent of…

    The bill says: in the subsection heading, by inserting "and other emergency conservation measures" after "fencing";

  2. 16 U.S.C. 2201(b)(1)changedby S. 629 Sec. 2(1)

    (1) In general. With respect to a payment to an agricultural producer under subsection (a) for the repair or replacement of fencing, or for other emergency measures to replace or restore farmland or conservation structures requiring an immediate response (as determined by the Secretary), the Secretary shall give the agricultural producer the option of receiving not more than 25 percent of the payment, determined by the Secretary based on the applicable percentage of the fair market value of the cost of the repair or replacement, before the agricultural producer carries out the repair or replacement.

    The bill says: by inserting "or for other emergency measures to replace or restore farmland or conservation structures requiring an immediate response (as determined by the Secretary)," after "replacement of fencing,"; and

  3. 16 U.S.C. 2201(b)(1)changedby S. 629 Sec. 2(1)

    (1) In general. With respect to a payment to an agricultural producer under subsection (a) for the repair or replacement of fencing, the Secretary shall give the agricultural producer the option of receiving not more than 25 percent of the payment, determined by the Secretary based on the applicable percentage of the fair market value of the cost of the repair or replacement, before the agricultural producer carries out the repair or replacement.

    The bill says: by striking "option of receiving" and all that follows through the period at the end and inserting the following:

  4. 16 U.S.C. 2201(b)(2)changedby S. 629 Sec. 2(1)

    (2) Return of funds. If the funds provided under paragraph (1) are not expended by the end of the 60-day180-day period beginning on the date on which the agricultural producer receives those funds, the funds shall be returned within a reasonable timeframe, as determined by the Secretary.

    The bill says: in paragraph (2), by striking "60-day" and inserting "180-day"; and

  5. 16 U.S.C. 2201added (c)by S. 629 Sec. 2(2)

    (c) Wildfire determination.— A wildfire that causes damage eligible for a payment under subsection (a) includes—(1) a wildfire that is not caused naturally, if the damage is caused by the spread of the wildfire due to natural causes; and(2) a wildfire that is caused by the Federal Government.

    The bill says: by adding at the end the following:

  6. 16 U.S.C. 2206(a)(2)changedby S. 629 Sec. 3(1)

    (2) Natural disaster. The term "natural disaster" includes wildfires,wildfires (including a wildfire that is not caused naturally, if the damage is caused by the spread of the wildfire due to natural causes, and a wildfire that is caused by the Federal Government), hurricanes or excessive winds, drought, ice storms or blizzards, floods, or other resource-impacting events, as determined by the Secretary.

    The bill says: in subsection (a)(2), by striking "wildfires," and inserting "wildfires (including a wildfire that is not caused naturally, if the damage is caused by the spread of the wildfire due to natural causes, and a wildfire that is caused by the Federal Government),";

  7. 16 U.S.C. 2206renumberedby S. 629 Sec. 3(2)

    The bill says: by redesignating subsection (e) as subsection (f); and

  8. 16 U.S.C. 2206added (e)by S. 629 Sec. 3(3)

    (e) Advance payments.—(1) In general.— The Secretary shall give an owner of nonindustrial private forest land the option of receiving, before the owner carries out emergency measures under this section, not more than 75 percent of the cost of the emergency measures, as determined by the Secretary.(2) Return of funds.— If the funds provided under paragraph (1) are not expended by the end of the 180-day period beginning on the date on which the owner of nonindustrial private forest land receives those funds, the funds shall be returned within a reasonable timeframe, as determined by the Secretary.

    The bill says: by inserting after subsection (d) the following:

From the bill's official text on GovInfo and the U.S. Code, latest edition, which may not yet show changes made since.

What it does

Sourced

Emergency Conservation Program Improvement Act of 2025

This act revises the Emergency Conservation Program (ECP) and the Emergency Forest Restoration Program (EFRP) to expand eligibility for payments to agricultural producers and owners of forest land impacted by natural disasters. The act also provides additional options to receive an advance on cost-sharing payments before carrying out emergency measures.

The act expands advance ECP payments to include the replacement, repair, or restoration of farmland or conservation structures requiring an immediate response. Producers may receive an advance on cost-sharing payments for 75% of the cost of the replacement and 50% of the cost of the repair or restoration. Current law limits advance payments to 25% of the cost of the repair or replacement of fencing.

Under EFRP, the act allows owners of nonindustrial private forest land impacted by a natural disaster to receive an advance on cost-sharing payments for up to 75% of the cost of the emergency measures. Currently, advance payments are not available under the program.

ECP and EFRP recipients must use the funds within 180 days after the funds are disbursed. This provides additional time to ECP recipients who currently must use the funds within 60 days.

The act also expands eligibility for payments under the programs to include emergency measures to address damages caused by (1) a wildfire that is not caused naturally, if the damage is caused by the spread of the wildfire due to natural causes; and (2) a wildfire that is caused by the federal government.

Official summary by the Congressional Research Service (Public Law, Jul 12, 2026).

Our plain-language breakdown, with what it means for you and the case for and against, is written once a bill starts to move.

What has happened

Sourced
  1. 2026-07-12Became Public Law No: 119-102.Library of Congress
  2. 2026-07-12Became Public Law No: 119-102.Library of Congress
  3. 2026-07-12Sent to Archivist of the United States unsigned.House floor actions
  4. 2026-06-30Presented to President.House floor actions
  5. 2026-06-30Presented to President.Library of Congress
  6. 2026-06-23Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.House floor actions
  7. 2026-06-23On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: (2/3 required): 368 - 19 (Roll no. 223). (text: CR H4137) Roll call recordHouse floor actions
  8. 2026-06-23Passed/agreed to in House: On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: (2/3 required): 368 - 19 (Roll no. 223). (text: CR H4137) Roll call recordLibrary of Congress
  9. 2026-06-23Considered as unfinished business. (consideration: CR H4192)House floor actions
  10. 2026-06-23At the conclusion of debate, the Yeas and Nays were demanded and ordered. Pursuant to the provisions of clause 8, rule XX, the Chair announced that further proceedings on the motion would be postponed.House floor actions
  11. 2026-06-23DEBATE - The House proceeded with forty minutes of debate on S. 629.House floor actions
  12. 2026-06-23Considered under suspension of the rules. (consideration: CR H4137-4138)House floor actions
  13. 2026-06-23Mr. Lucas moved to suspend the rules and pass the bill.House floor actions
  14. 2026-03-24Held at the desk.House floor actions
  15. 2026-03-24Received in the House.House floor actions
  16. 2026-03-24Message on Senate action sent to the House.Senate
  17. 2026-03-24Passed Senate without amendment by Unanimous Consent. (consideration: CR S1565; text: CR S1565)Senate
  18. 2026-03-24Passed/agreed to in Senate: Passed Senate without amendment by Unanimous Consent.Library of Congress
  19. 2026-03-24Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry discharged by Unanimous Consent.Senate
  20. 2026-03-24Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry discharged by Unanimous Consent.Library of Congress
  21. 2025-02-19Read twice and referred to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry.Senate
  22. 2025-02-19Introduced in SenateLibrary of Congress

Show key steps only

After it became law

Sourced

Nothing in the Federal Register names Public Law 119-102 yet (checked Oct 27, 2026). Many laws need no new rules: they set penalties, name a building, or fund something directly.

Recorded votes

Sourced

Jun 23, 2026 · House roll call 223 · needed 2/3

On Motion to Suspend the Rules and Pass: Passed 368–19

R 178 yes, 19 no, 21 present or not votingI 1 yes, 0 noD 189 yes, 0 no, 23 present or not voting

How each member voted · Official record

Cosponsors

  • Ben Ray Luján D-NM
  • Adam B. Schiff D-CA