11 U.S.C. 523: Exceptions to discharge

2023

• Pub. L. 117–347 added par. (20). (Abolish Trafficking Reauthorization Act of 2022) Law text · (a)

2019

• Pub. L. 116–54 inserted "1192" after "1141," in introductory provisions. (Small Business Reorganization Act of 2019) Law text · (a)

2010

• Pub. L. 111–327, §2(a)(18)(A), substituted semicolon for period at end. (Bankruptcy Technical Corrections Act of 2010) Law text · (a)
• Pub. L. 111–327, §2(a)(18)(B), substituted "521(a)(1)" for "521(1)" in introductory provisions. (Bankruptcy Technical Corrections Act of 2010) Law text · (a)

2005

• Pub. L. 109–8, §1209(1), transferred par. (15) and inserted it after subsec. (a)(14A). See 1994 Amendments note below. (Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005) Law text
• Pub. L. 109–8, §215(3), in par. (15), inserted "to a spouse, former spouse, or child of the debtor and" before "not of the kind" and "or" after "court of record," and substituted a semicolon for "unless— (Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005) Law text
• Pub. L. 109–8, §714(2), inserted at end "For purposes of this subsection, the term 'return' means a return that satisfies the requirements of applicable nonbankruptcy law (including applicable filing requirements). Such term includes a return prepared pursuant to section 6020(a) of the… (Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005) Law text · (a)
• Pub. L. 109–8, §1502(a)(2), substituted "507(a)(3)" for "507(a)(2)". (Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005) Law text · (a)
• Pub. L. 109–8, §714(1)(A), inserted "or equivalent report or notice," after "a return," in introductory provisions. (Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005) Law text · (a)
• Pub. L. 109–8, §714(1)(B), inserted "or given" after "filed". (Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005) Law text · (a)
• Pub. L. 109–8, §714(1)(C), inserted "or given" after "filed" and ", report, or notice" after "return". (Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005) Law text · (a)
• Pub. L. 109–8, §310, amended subpar. (C) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (C) read as follows: "for purposes of subparagraph (A) of this paragraph, consumer debts owed to a single creditor and aggregating more than $1,000 for 'luxury goods or services' incurred by an indivi… (Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005) Law text · (a)
• Pub. L. 109–8, §215(1)(A), added par. (5) and struck out former par. (5) which read as follows: "to a spouse, former spouse, or child of the debtor, for alimony to, maintenance for, or support of such spouse or child, in connection with a separation agreement, divorce decree or othe… (Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005) Law text · (a)
• Pub. L. 109–8, §220, added par. (8) and struck out former par. (8) which read as follows: "for an educational benefit overpayment or loan made, insured or guaranteed by a governmental unit, or made under any program funded in whole or in part by a governmental unit or nonprofit inst… (Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005) Law text · (a)
• Pub. L. 109–8, §1209(2), substituted "motor vehicle, vessel, or aircraft" for "motor vehicle". (Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005) Law text · (a)
• Pub. L. 109–8, §314(a), added par. (14A). (Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005) Law text · (a)
• Pub. L. 109–8, §1235, added par. (14B). (Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005) Law text · (a)
• Pub. L. 109–8, §412, struck out "dwelling" after "debtor's interest in a" and "housing" after "share of a cooperative" and substituted "ownership," for "ownership or" and "or a lot in a homeowners association, for as long as the debtor or the trustee has a legal, equitable, or poss… (Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005) Law text · (a)
• Pub. L. 109–8, §301, substituted "on a prisoner by any court" for "by a court" and "subsection (b) or (f)(2) of section 1915" for "section 1915(b) or (f)" and inserted "(or a similar non-Federal law)" after "title 28" in two places. (Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005) Law text · (a)
• Pub. L. 109–8, §224(c), added par. (18). (Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005) Law text · (a)
• Pub. L. 109–8, §215(1)(B), struck out par. (18) which read as follows: "owed under State law to a State or municipality that is— (Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005) Law text · (a)
• Pub. L. 109–8, §1404(a), inserted ", before, on, or after the date on which the petition was filed," after "results" in introductory provisions. (Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005) Law text · (a)
• Pub. L. 109–8, §215(2), substituted "or (6)" for "(6), or (15)" in two places. (Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005) Law text · (c)
• Pub. L. 109–8, §1209(3), substituted "an insured" for "a insured". (Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005) Law text · (e)

2002

• Pub. L. 107–204 added par. (19). (Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002) Law text · (a)

1998

• Pub. L. 105–244 substituted "stipend, unless" for "stipend, unless—" and struck out "(B)" before "excepting such debt" and subpar. (A) which read as follows: "such loan, benefit, scholarship, or stipend overpayment first became due more than 7 years (exclusive of any applicable susp… (Higher Education Amendments of 1998) Law text · (a)

1996

• Pub. L. 104–193, §374(a)(4), substituted "section 408(a)(3)" for "section 402(a)(26)". (Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996) Law text · (a)
• Pub. L. 104–134 added par. (17). (Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1996.) Law text · (a)
• Pub. L. 104–193, §374(a)(1)–(3), added par. (18). (Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996) Law text · (a)

1994

• Pub. L. 103–394, §304(e)[(1)], amended this section by adding par. (15) at the end. See 2005 Amendment note above. · (15)
• Pub. L. 103–394, §501(d)(13)(A)(i), substituted "1141," for "1141,," in introductory provisions. · (a)
• Pub. L. 103–394, §304(h)(3), substituted "507(a)(8)" for "507(a)(7)". · (a)
• Pub. L. 103–394, §§306, 501(d)(13)(A)(ii), substituted "$1,000 for" for "$500 for", "60" for "forty" after "incurred by an individual debtor on or within", and "60" for "twenty" after "obtained by an individual debtor on or within", and struck out "(15 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.)" after… · (a)
• Pub. L. 103–322, §320934(1), struck out "or" after semicolon at end. · (a)
• Pub. L. 103–322, §320934(2), which directed the substitution of "; or" for a period at end of par. (12), could not be executed because a period did not appear at end. · (a)
• Pub. L. 103–394, §221(1), substituted semicolon for period at end. · (a)
• Pub. L. 103–322, §320934(3), added par. (13). · (a)
• Pub. L. 103–394, §221(2), added par. (14). · (a)
• Pub. L. 103–394, §309, added par. (16). · (a)
• Pub. L. 103–394, §501(d)(13)(B), struck out "(20 U.S.C. 1087–3)" after "Act of 1965" and "(42 U.S.C. 294f)" after "Service Act". · (b)
• Pub. L. 103–394, §304(e)(2), substituted "(6), or (15)" for "or (6)" in two places. · (c)
• Pub. L. 103–394, §501(d)(13)(C), substituted "insured depository institution" for "depository institution or insured credit union". · (e)

1990

• Pub. L. 101–647, §3621, substituted "for an educational benefit overpayment or loan made, insured or guaranteed by a governmental unit, or made under any program funded in whole or in part by a governmental unit or nonprofit institution, or for an obligation to repay funds received … · (a)
• Pub. L. 101–581 and Pub. L. 101–647, §3102(a), identically amended par. (9) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (9) read as follows: "to any entity, to the extent that such debt arises from a judgment or consent decree entered in a court of record against the debtor wherein liabilit… · (a)
• Pub. L. 101–647, §2522(a)(1), added pars. (11) and (12). · (a), (12)
• Pub. L. 101–647, §2522(a)(3), designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2). · (c)
• Pub. L. 101–647, §2522(a)(2), added subsec. (e). · (e)

1986

• Pub. L. 99–554, §257(n), inserted reference to sections 1228(a) and 1228(b) of this title. · (a)
• Pub. L. 99–554, §283(j)(1)(A), substituted "507(a)(7)" for "507(a)(6)". · (a)
• Pub. L. 99–554, §281, struck out the comma after "decree" and inserted ", determination made in accordance with State or territorial law by a governmental unit," after "record". · (a)
• Pub. L. 99–554, §283(j)(1)(B), redesignated par. (9) relating to debts incurred by persons driving while intoxicated, added by Pub. L. 98–353, as (10). · (a), (10)
• Pub. L. 99–554, §283(j)(2), substituted "Service" for "Services". · (b)

1984

• Pub. L. 98–353, §454(a)(1), in provisions preceding subpar. (A), struck out "obtaining" after "for", and substituted "refinancing of credit, to the extent obtained" for "refinance of credit,". · (a)
• Pub. L. 98–353, §307(a)(1), struck out "or" at end. · (a)
• Pub. L. 98–353, §307(a)(2), inserted "or" at end. · (a)
• Pub. L. 98–353, §454(a)(1)(A), struck out "obtaining" before "such". · (a)
• Pub. L. 98–353, §307(a)(3), added subpar. (C). · (a)
• Pub. L. 98–353, §454(b)(1), inserted "or other order of a court of record" after "divorce decree," in provisions preceding subpar. (A). · (a)
• Pub. L. 98–353, §454(b)(2), inserted ", or any such debt which has been assigned to the Federal Government or to a State or any political subdivision of such State". · (a)
• Pub. L. 98–353, §§371(1), 454(a)(2), struck out "of higher education" after "a nonprofit institution of" and struck out "or" at end. · (a)
• Pub. L. 98–353, §371(2), added the par. (9) relating to debts incurred by persons driving while intoxicated. · (a)
• Pub. L. 98–353, §454(c), inserted "of a kind" after "debt". · (c)
• Pub. L. 98–353, §307(b), substituted "the court shall grant judgment in favor of the debtor for the costs of, and a reasonable attorney's fee for, the proceeding if the court finds that the position of the creditor was not substantially justified, except that the court shall not award … · (d)

1981

• Pub. L. 97–35 substituted "law, or otherwise (other than debts assigned pursuant to section 402(a)(26) of the Social Security Act);" for "law, or otherwise;". · (a)

1979

• Pub. L. 96–56 substituted "for an educational loan made, insured, or guaranteed by a governmental unit, or made under any program funded in whole or in part by a governmental unit or a nonprofit institution of higher education" for "to a governmental unit, or a nonprofit institution… · (a)