WHAT THE LAW DOINCongress, in plain words

The law › Title 12, Banks and Banking › Chapter 11

12 U.S.C. 1431: Powers and duties of banks

Created in 1964 by Public Law 88-560. Changed by 15 later laws. No bill we track in this Congress changes it.

2 other sections of the Code cite this one, including 12 U.S.C. 1426a, 12 U.S.C. 1430.

12 parts of federal rules cite it as their authority, written by Federal Housing Finance Agency (12).

This Congress

No bill we track in the 119th Congress changes this section.

    How it got here

    2010

    • Pub. L. 111–203 added subpar. (C) and redesignated former subpar. (C) as (D). (Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act) Law text · (l), (D)

    2008

    • Pub. L. 110–289, §1204(9), substituted "The Director" for "The Board" wherever appearing in subsecs. (d) to (f). (Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008) Law text
    • Pub. L. 110–289, §1204(8), substituted "the Director" for "the Board" wherever appearing in subsecs. (a) and (e) to (i). (Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008) Law text
    • Pub. L. 110–289, §1204(3)(A), substituted "The Office of Finance, as agent for the Banks," for "The Board" and "such Office" for "the Board" in first sentence and "the Office of Finance" for "the Board" in second and fourth sentences. (Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008) Law text · (b)
    • Pub. L. 110–289, §1204(3)(B), substituted "the Office of Finance, as agent for the Banks," for "the Board" before "may issue" and "such Office" for "the Board" before "may prescribe". (Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008) Law text · (c)
    • Pub. L. 110–289, §1204(3)(C), struck out the two commas after "permit" and inserted "or" and struck out the comma after "require". (Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008) Law text · (f)
    • Pub. L. 110–289, §1117(c), added subsec. (l). (Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008) Law text · (l)

    2006

    • Pub. L. 109–173 substituted "the Deposit Insurance Fund" for "SAIF" in heading and "Deposit Insurance Fund" for "Savings Association Insurance Fund" in pars. (1) and (2). (Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Conforming Amendments Act of 2005) Law text · (k)
    • Pub. L. 109–171 repealed Pub. L. 104–208, §2704(d)(11)(A). See 1996 Amendment note below. (Deficit Reduction Act of 2005) Law text · (k)

    2004

    • Pub. L. 108–271 substituted "Government Accountability Office" for "General Accounting Office". (GAO Human Capital Reform Act of 2004) Law text · (j)

    1996

    • Pub. L. 104–208, §208(h)(2), substituted "section 681 of title 15" for "section 681(d) of title 15". (Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act) Law text · (h)
    • Pub. L. 104–208, §2704(d)(11)(A), which directed the amendment of subsec. (k) by substituting "the Deposit Insurance Fund" for "SAIF" in heading and "Deposit Insurance Fund" for "Savings Association Insurance Fund" in pars. (1) and (2), was repealed by Pub. L. 109–171. See Effective Da… (Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act) Law text · (k)

    1989

    • Pub. L. 101–73, §701(b)(1), (3)(A), substituted "Board" for "board" wherever appearing. · (a), (b), (c), (d)
    • Pub. L. 101–73, §709(1), inserted "incidental to activities" after "other business not". · (e)
    • Pub. L. 101–73, §701(b)(1), (3)(A), substituted "Board" for "board". · (e)
    • Pub. L. 101–73, §701(c)(1), which directed insertion of "Federal Home Loan" before "Banks," was executed the second time that term appeared, because "Federal Home Loan" already preceded the term "Banks," the first place it appeared. · (e)
    • Pub. L. 101–73, §709(2), which directed amendment of subsec. (f) by striking out "or whenever in the judgment of at least 4 members of the board an emergency exists requiring such action" after "empowered to permit,", was executed by striking out "or whenever in the judgment of at leas… · (f)
    • Pub. L. 101–73, §701(b)(1), (3)(A), substituted "Board" for "board" wherever appearing. · (f)
    • Pub. L. 101–73, §710(b)(6), struck out "or nonmember borrowers" after "made to members" wherever appearing. · (g)
    • Pub. L. 101–73, §710(b)(6), struck out "or nonmember borrowers" after "advances to members". · (h)
    • Pub. L. 101–73, §701(b)(1), (3)(A), substituted "Board" for "board". · (h)
    • Pub. L. 101–73, §701(c)(2), inserted "Federal" before "Home Loan Bank System". · (i)
    • Pub. L. 101–73, §701(b)(1), (2), substituted "Chairperson of the Board" for "Chairman of the Federal Home Loan Bank Board". · (i)
    • Pub. L. 101–73, §709(3), amended subsec. (k) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (k) read as follows: "The Federal Home Loan Banks are hereby authorized, as directed by the Board, to make loans to the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation. All such loans shall be made in ac… · (k)

    1982

    • Pub. L. 97–320 added subsec. (k). · (k)

    1980

    • Pub. L. 96–221 designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2). · (e)

    1979

    • Pub. L. 96–153 inserted provisions relating to stock, obligations, or other securities of any small business investment company formed pursuant to section 681(d) of title 15, for the purpose of aiding members of the Federal Home Loan Bank System. · (h)

    1974

    • Pub. L. 93–383 inserted reference to mortgages, obligations, or other securities sold by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation pursuant to section 1454 or 1455 of this title. · (h)
    • Pub. L. 93–495 substituted "obligations under this paragraph" for "obligations under this subsection" wherever appearing in fourth sentence of initial par., in second par. substituted provisions authorizing purchase of obligations issued pursuant to this section in amounts not to excee… · (i)

    1970

    • Pub. L. 91–609 substituted "five years" for "one year" in items (3) and (4). · (g)

    1969

    • Pub. L. 91–151 increased the borrowing limit to $4,000,000,000 and made it a requirement that the rate charged on such borrowing be set at the current market yield on Treasury obligations and added a new paragraph which allows the Secretary to permit members of the Home Loan Bank Syste… · (i)

    1968

    • Pub. L. 90–448 inserted "or the Government National Mortgage Association, in the stock of the Federal National Mortgage Association". · (h)

    1964

    • Pub. L. 88–560 substituted "in obligations, participations, or other instruments of or issued by the Federal National Mortgage Association" for "in obligations of the Federal National Mortgage Association". · (h)

    Text, outline and history from the official U.S. Code (2024 edition) on GovInfo, published by the Office of the Law Revision Counsel. Changes made after that edition appear under This Congress.