18 U.S.C. 1956: Laundering of monetary instruments

2022

• Pub. L. 117–159 substituted "section 924(n), 932, or 933" for "section 924(n)". (Bipartisan Safer Communities Act) Law text · (c)
• Pub. L. 117–263 added subsec. (j). (James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023) Law text · (j)

2016

• Pub. L. 114–122 substituted "section 92 of" for "or section 92 of" and inserted at end ", or section 104(a) of the North Korea Sanctions Enforcement Act of 2016 (relating to prohibited activities with respect to North Korea);". Law text · (c)
• Pub. L. 114–231 added subpar. (G). Law text · (c)

2012

• Pub. L. 112–127 inserted "section 555 (relating to border tunnels)," after "section 554 (relating to smuggling goods from the United States),". Law text · (c)

2009

• Pub. L. 111–21 added par. (9). Law text · (c)

2008

• Pub. L. 110–358 inserted "section 2252A (relating to child pornography) where the child pornography contains a visual depiction of an actual minor engaging in sexually explicit conduct, section 2260 (production of certain child pornography for importation into the United States),… Law text · (c)
• Pub. L. 110–246, §4115(c)(1)(A)(i), (B)(ii), substituted "benefits" for "coupons". (Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008) Law text · (c)
• Pub. L. 110–246, §4002(b)(1)(B), (D), (2)(M), substituted "Food and Nutrition Act of 2008" for "Food Stamp Act of 1977" and "supplemental nutrition assistance program benefits" for "food stamp". (Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008) Law text · (c)

2006

• Pub. L. 109–177, §405, inserted last sentence. (USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act of 2005) Law text · (a)
• Pub. L. 109–177, §406(a)(2), struck out "described in paragraph (2)" after "A court". (USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act of 2005) Law text · (b), (4)
• Pub. L. 109–164 added cl. (vii). (Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2005) Law text · (c)
• Pub. L. 109–177, §409, inserted ", section 2339C (relating to financing of terrorism), or section 2339D (relating to receiving military-type training from a foreign terrorist organization)" after "section 2339A or 2339B (relating to providing material support to terrorists)" and … (USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act of 2005) Law text · (c)
• Pub. L. 109–177, §403(b), which directed amendment of subsec. (c)(7)(D) by substituting "any felony violation of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act" for "or any felony violation of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act", could not be executed because of the amendment by Pub. L. 108–458, §6909(3). See 20… (USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act of 2005) Law text · (c)
• Pub. L. 109–177, §311(c), inserted "section 554 (relating to smuggling goods from the United States)," before "section 641 (relating to public money, property, or records),". (USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act of 2005) Law text · (c)
• Pub. L. 109–177, §403(c)(1), amended subsec. (e) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (e) read as follows: "Violations of this section may be investigated by such components of the Department of Justice as the Attorney General may direct, and by such components of the Department of t… (USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act of 2005) Law text · (e)

2004

• Pub. L. 108–458, §6909(3), struck out "or" after "any felony violation of the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938," and substituted ", or section 92 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2122) (relating to prohibitions governing atomic weapons)" for semicolon at end. (Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004) Law text · (c)
• Pub. L. 108–458, §6909(2), which directed the insertion of "section 2332g (relating to missile systems designed to destroy aircraft), section 2332h (relating to radiological dispersal devices)," after "section 2332(b) (relating to international terrorist acts transcending national boundaries)," was… (Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004) Law text · (c)
• Pub. L. 108–458, §6909(1), inserted "section 175c (relating to the variola virus)," before "section 215". (Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004) Law text · (c)

2002

• Pub. L. 107–273, §4005(d)(1), substituted semicolon for period at end. (21st Century Department of Justice Appropriations Authorization Act) Law text · (c)
• Pub. L. 107–273, §4002(b)(5)(A), realigned margins. (21st Century Department of Justice Appropriations Authorization Act) Law text · (c)
• Pub. L. 107–273, §4005(e), repealed Pub. L. 107–56, §805(b). See 2001 Amendment note below. (21st Century Department of Justice Appropriations Authorization Act) Law text · (c)
• Pub. L. 107–273, §4002(c)(2), substituted "services)," for "services),," and "Code," for "Code,,". (21st Century Department of Justice Appropriations Authorization Act) Law text · (c)
• Pub. L. 107–273, §4002(b)(5)(B), struck out "or" at end. (21st Century Department of Justice Appropriations Authorization Act) Law text · (c)
• Pub. L. 107–273, §4002(a)(11), made technical corrections to directory language of Pub. L. 104–132, §726(2). See 1996 Amendment note below. (21st Century Department of Justice Appropriations Authorization Act) Law text · (c)
• Pub. L. 107–273, §4002(b)(5)(C), substituted "; or" for period at end. (21st Century Department of Justice Appropriations Authorization Act) Law text · (c)
• Pub. L. 107–273, §4002(b)(5)(D), substituted "any" for "Any" and semicolon for period at end. (21st Century Department of Justice Appropriations Authorization Act) Law text · (c)

2001

• Pub. L. 107–56, §317, inserted subsec. heading, designated existing provisions as par. (1), inserted heading and inserted ", or section 1957" after "or (a)(3)" in introductory provisions, redesignated former pars. (1) and (2) as subpars. (A) and (B), respectively, of par. (1), realigne… (Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism (USA PATRIOT ACT) Act of 2001) Law text · (b)
• Pub. L. 107–56, §318, added par. (6) and struck out former par. (6) which read as follows: "the term 'financial institution' has the definition given that term in section 5312(a)(2) of title 31, United States Code, or the regulations promulgated thereunder;". (Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism (USA PATRIOT ACT) Act of 2001) Law text · (c)
• Pub. L. 107–56, §315(1), substituted "destruction of property by means of explosive or fire, or a crime of violence (as defined in section 16)" for "or destruction of property by means of explosive or fire" in cl. (ii), inserted a closing parenthesis after "1978" in cl. (iii), an… (Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism (USA PATRIOT ACT) Act of 2001) Law text · (c)
• Pub. L. 107–56, §376, inserted "or 2339B" after "2339A". Pub. L. 107–56, §805(b), which amended subpar. (D) identically, was repealed by Pub. L. 107–273, §4005(e). (Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism (USA PATRIOT ACT) Act of 2001) Law text · (c)
• Pub. L. 107–56, §315(2), inserted "section 541 (relating to goods falsely classified)," before "section 542", "section 922(l) (relating to the unlawful importation of firearms), section 924(n) (relating to firearms trafficking)," before "section 956", "section 1030 (relating to computer fraud and a… (Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism (USA PATRIOT ACT) Act of 2001) Law text · (c)
• Pub. L. 107–56, §1004, added subsec. (i). (Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism (USA PATRIOT ACT) Act of 2001) Law text · (i)

2000

• Pub. L. 106–569 inserted "any violation of section 543(a)(1) of the Housing Act of 1949 (relating to equity skimming)," after "coupons having a value of not less than $5,000,". (American Homeownership and Economic Opportunity Act of 2000) Law text · (c)

1996

• Pub. L. 104–132, §726(1), amended cl. (ii) generally. Prior to amendment, cl. (ii) read as follows: "kidnapping, robbery, or extortion; or". (Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996) Law text · (c)
• Pub. L. 104–294, §601(f)(6), struck out one closing parenthesis after "1978". (Economic Espionage Act of 1996) Law text · (c)
• Pub. L. 104–294, §604(b)(38), amended directory language of Pub. L. 103–322, §320104(b). See 1994 Amendment note below. (Economic Espionage Act of 1996) Law text · (c)
• Pub. L. 104–132, §726(2), as amended by Pub. L. 107–273, §4002(a)(11), inserted "section 32 (relating to the destruction of aircraft), section 37 (relating to violence at international airports), section 115 (relating to influencing, impeding, or retaliating against a Federal official by threatenin… (Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996) Law text · (c)
• Pub. L. 104–191 added subpar. (F). (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996) Law text · (c)

1994

• Pub. L. 103–325, §413(c)(1)(A)(ii), substituted "transfer" for "transfer." in concluding provisions and two times in subpar. (B). · (a)
• Pub. L. 103–322, §330019(a)(3), and Pub. L. 103–325, §413(c)(1)(A)(i), amended par. (2) identically, inserting "not more than" before "$500,000" in concluding provisions. · (a)
• Pub. L. 103–325, §413(c)(1)(B), inserted "or (a)(3)" after "(a)(1)" and substituted "transfer" for "transfer." · (b)
• Pub. L. 103–322, §330021(1), substituted "kidnapping" for "kidnaping". · (c)
• Pub. L. 103–322, §330019(a)(1), and Pub. L. 103–325, §413(c)(1)(C), each amended cl. (iii) by inserting a closing parenthesis after "1978". · (c)
• Pub. L. 103–322, §330019(b), and Pub. L. 103–325, §413(c)(1)(D), amended subpar. (D) identically, substituting "section 15 of the Food Stamp Act of 1977" for "section 9(c) of the Food Stamp Act of 1977". · (c)
• Pub. L. 103–322, §330011(l), and Pub. L. 103–325, §413(d), made identical amendments repealing Pub. L. 101–647, §3557(2)(E). See 1990 Amendment note below. · (c)
• Pub. L. 103–322, §320104(b), as amended by Pub. L. 104–294, §604(b)(38), substituted "section 2319 (relating to copyright infringement), or section 2320 (relating to trafficking in counterfeit goods and services)," for "or section 2319 (relating to copyright infringement)". · (c)
• Pub. L. 103–322, §330012, and Pub. L. 103–325, §413(c)(1)(E), amended subpar. (E) identically, striking out second period at end. · (c)
• Pub. L. 103–322, §330008(2), and Pub. L. 103–325, §413(c)(1)(F), amended subsec. (e) identically, substituting "Environmental Protection Agency" for "Evironmental Protection Agency". · (e)
• Pub. L. 103–325, §411(c)(2)(E), in subsec. (g) relating to notice of conviction of financial institutions, substituted "section 5322 or 5324 of title 31" for "section 5322 of title 31". · (g)
• Pub. L. 103–322, §330019(a)(2), and Pub. L. 103–325, §413(c)(1)(G), made identical amendments redesignating subsec. (g) relating to penalty for money laundering conspiracies as (h). · (g)
• Pub. L. 103–322, §330019(a)(2), and Pub. L. 103–325, §413(c)(1)(G), made identical amendments redesignating subsec. (g) relating to penalty for money laundering conspiracies as (h). · (h)

1992

• Pub. L. 102–550, §1531(a), substituted "transportation, transmission, or transfer." for "transportation" wherever appearing in subpar. (B) and concluding provisions. · (a)
• Pub. L. 102–550, §1531(b), in concluding provisions, substituted "property represented to be the proceeds" for "property represented by a law enforcement officer to be the proceeds". · (a)
• Pub. L. 102–550, §1531(a), substituted "transportation, transmission, or transfer." for "transportation" in introductory provisions. · (b)
• Pub. L. 102–550, §1527(a)(2), inserted "use of a safe deposit box," before "or any other payment". · (c)
• Pub. L. 102–550, §1527(a)(1), added clause (iii), struck out "which in any way or degree affects interstate or foreign commerce," after "or aircraft," and inserted "which in any way or degree affects interstate or foreign commerce" after "(A) or transaction". · (c)
• Pub. L. 102–550, §1526(a), substituted "or the regulations" for "and the regulations". · (c)
• Pub. L. 102–550, §1536, designated part of existing provisions as cl. (i) and added cls. (ii) and (iii). · (c)
• Pub. L. 102–550, §§1524, 1534(1), (2), struck out "1341 (relating to mail fraud) or section 1343 (relating to wire fraud) affecting a financial institution, section 1344 (relating to bank fraud)," after "hostage taking),", inserted "section 1708 (theft from the mail)," before "se… · (c)
• Pub. L. 102–550, §1534(3), which directed insertion of ", any felony violation of section 9(c) of the Food Stamp Act of 1977 (relating to food stamp fraud) involving a quantity of coupons having a value of not less than $5,000, or any felony violation of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act" before se… · (c)
• Pub. L. 102–550, §1530, added subsec. (g) relating to penalty for money laundering conspiracies. · (g)
• Pub. L. 102–550, §1504(c), added subsec. (g) relating to notice of conviction of financial institutions. · (g)

1990

• Pub. L. 101–647, §108(1), inserted at end "For the purpose of the offense described in subparagraph (B), the defendant's knowledge may be established by proof that a law enforcement officer represented the matter specified in subparagraph (B) as true, and the defendant's subsequent … · (a)
• Pub. L. 101–647, §108(2), inserted "and paragraph (2)" after "this paragraph" in last sentence. · (a)
• Pub. L. 101–647, §106, substituted "State, Federal, or foreign" for "State or Federal". · (c)
• Pub. L. 101–647, §1402, inserted "(A)" before "a transaction" the first place it appears, "(B)" before "a transaction" the second place it appears, "(i)" before "involving" the first place it appears, and "(ii)" before "involving" the second place it appears. · (c)
• Pub. L. 101–647, §105, amended par. (5) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (5) read as follows: "the term 'monetary instruments' means coin or currency of the United States or of any other country, travelers" checks, personal checks, bank checks, money orders, investment securities… · (c)
• Pub. L. 101–647, §3557(1), substituted "subchapter II of chapter 53 of title 31" for "the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act". · (c)
• Pub. L. 101–647, §1404(a)(1), struck out "or" at end. · (c)
• Pub. L. 101–647, §3557(2)(A)–(D), substituted "section 2113" for "or section 2113", substituted "theft), or" for "theft) of this title,", inserted "of this title" after "2319 (relating to copyright infringement)", and substituted "paraphernalia" for "paraphenalia". · (c)
• Pub. L. 101–647, §3557(2)(E), which directed the amendment of subpar. (D) by striking the final period, was repealed by Pub. L. 103–322, §330011(l), and Pub. L. 103–325, §413(d). · (c)
• Pub. L. 101–647, §2506(2), inserted "section 1341 (relating to mail fraud) or section 1343 (relating to wire fraud) affecting a financial institution," after "section 1203 (relating to hostage taking),". · (c)
• Pub. L. 101–647, §2506(1), inserted "section 1005 (relating to fraudulent bank entries), 1006 (relating to fraudulent Federal credit institution entries), 1007 (relating to Federal Deposit Insurance transactions), 1014 (relating to fraudulent loan or credit applications), 1032 (relating to concealm… · (c)
• Pub. L. 101–647, §1404(a)(2), inserted "; or" after "Trading with the Enemy Act" at end. · (c)
• Pub. L. 101–647, §107, substituted "a felony violation of the Chemical Diversion and Trafficking Act of 1988" for "section 310 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 830)". · (c)
• Pub. L. 101–647, §1404(a)(2), inserted heading and added subpar. (E). · (c)
• Pub. L. 101–647, §1205(j), added par. (8). · (c)
• Pub. L. 101–647, §1404(b), inserted at end "Violations of this section involving offenses described in paragraph (c)(7)(E) may be investigated by such components of the Department of Justice as the Attorney General may direct, and the National Enforcement Investigations Center of the E… · (e)

1988

• Pub. L. 100–690, §6471(a), amended subpar. (A) generally, designating existing provisions as cl. (i) and adding cl. (ii). · (a)
• Pub. L. 100–690, §6471(b), substituted "transports, transmits, or transfers, or attempts to transport, transmit, or transfer" for "transports or attempts to transport" in introductory provisions. · (a)
• Pub. L. 100–690, §6465, added par. (3). · (a)
• Pub. L. 100–690, §7031, substituted "section 513" for "section 511" and "section 545" for "section 543" and inserted "section 657 (relating to lending, credit, and insurance institutions), section 658 (relating to property mortgaged or pledged to farm credit agencies),". · (c)
• Pub. L. 100–690, §6466, inserted "section 542 (relating to entry of goods by means of false statements),", "section 549 (relating to removing goods from Customs custody),", and "section 2319 (relating to copyright infringement), section 310 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 830) (relating… · (c)
• Pub. L. 100–690, §6183, substituted "section 38(c) (relating to criminal violations) of the Arms Export Control Act, section 11 (relating to violations) of the Export Administration Act of 1979, section 206 (relating to penalties) of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act, or section 16 (r… · (c)
• Pub. L. 100–690, §6469(a)(1), substituted "and, with respect to offenses over which the United States Postal Service has jurisdiction, by the Postal Service. Such authority of the Secretary of the Treasury and the Postal Service shall be exercised in accordance with an agreement which … · (e)