WHAT THE LAW DOINCongress, in plain words

The law › Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure › Chapter 95

28 U.S.C. 1581: Civil actions against the United States and agencies and officers thereof

Created in 1980 by Public Law 96-417. Changed by 7 later laws. No bill we track in this Congress changes it.

7 other sections of the Code cite this one, including 19 U.S.C. 1499, 19 U.S.C. 1515, 28 U.S.C. 2631, 28 U.S.C. 2636, 28 U.S.C. 2637.

This Congress

No bill we track in the 119th Congress changes this section.

    How it got here

    2020

    • Pub. L. 116–113, §423(a)(1)(A), (B), (D), designated existing provisions as par. (1), redesignated former pars. (1) to (4) as subpars. (A) to (D), respectively, of par. (1), added par. (2), and struck out former concluding provisions which read as follows: "This subsection shall not co… (United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement Implementation Act) Law text · (i)
    • Pub. L. 116–113, §423(a)(1)(C), substituted "subparagraphs (A) through (C) of this paragraph" for "paragraphs (1)–(3) of this subsection". (United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement Implementation Act) Law text · (i)

    2016

    • Pub. L. 114–125 inserted "or 517" after "516A". (Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act of 2015) Law text · (c)

    2009

    • Pub. L. 111–5 substituted "273" for "271" in par. (3) and added par. (4). (American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009) Law text · (d), (4)

    1993

    • Pub. L. 103–182, §684(a)(1), added par. (3). · (g)
    • Pub. L. 103–182, §414(a)(1), inserted "the North American Free Trade Agreement or" before "the United States-Canada Free-Trade Agreement" in last sentence. · (i)

    1988

    • Pub. L. 100–449 temporarily inserted at end "This subsection shall not confer jurisdiction over an antidumping or countervailing duty determination which is reviewable either by the Court of International Trade under section 516A(a) of the Tariff Act of 1930 or by a binational panel un… · (i)

    1986

    • Pub. L. 99–514 substituted "(3)" for "(3) or (c)". · (g)

    1984

    • Pub. L. 98–573 amended par. (1) generally, substituting "a customs broker's license under section 641(b)(2) or (3) or (c) of the Tariff Act of 1930, or to deny a customs broker's permit under section 641(c)(1) of such Act, or to revoke a license or permit under section 641(b)(5) or … · (g)
    • Pub. L. 98–573 amended par. (2) generally, substituting "any decision of the Secretary of the Treasury to revoke or suspend a customs broker's license or permit, or impose a monetary penalty in lieu thereof, under section 641(d)(2)(B) of the Tariff Act of 1930" for "any order of the… · (g)

    Text, outline and history from the official U.S. Code (2024 edition) on GovInfo, published by the Office of the Law Revision Counsel. Changes made after that edition appear under This Congress.