The law › Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure › Chapter 21

28 U.S.C. 455: Disqualification of justice, judge, or magistrate judge

Created in 1974 by Public Law 93-512. Changed by 3 later laws. 1 bill in this Congress would change it.

How it got hereLaws that created or changed it, newest first

1990Pub. L. 101-650

1988Pub. L. 100-702

1978Pub. L. 95-598

1974Pub. L. 93-512created it

28 U.S.C. 455Disqualification of justice, judge, or magistrate judge

The section as a wholechanged

(a)Any justice, judge, or magistrate judge of the United States shall disqualify…changed

(b)He shall also disqualify himself in the following circumstances:added to

(c)A judge should inform himself about his personal and fiduciary financial…rewritten

(d)For the purposes of this section the following words or phrases shall have the…changed

(e)No justice, judge, or magistrate judge shall accept from the parties to the…changed

(f)Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this section, if any justice,…changed

(g)Newnew

This CongressBills that change it or would

H.R. 3513Supreme Court Ethics, Recusal, and Transparency Act of 2025introduced

past change
enacted this Congress
proposed

This Congress

H.R. 3513 Supreme Court Ethics, Recusal, and Transparency Act of 2025 · introduced · would change (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g)

How it got here

1988

Pub. L. 100–702 added subsec. (f). · (f)

1978

Pub. L. 95–598 struck out references to referees in bankruptcy in section catchline and in subsecs. (a) and (e).

1974

Pub. L. 93–512 substituted "Disqualification of justice, judge, magistrate, or referee in bankruptcy" for "Interest of justice or judge" in section catchline, reorganized structure of provisions, and expanded applicability to include magistrates and referees in bankruptcy and grounds for which disq…

Text, outline and history from the official U.S. Code (2024 edition) on GovInfo, published by the Office of the Law Revision Counsel. Changes made after that edition appear under This Congress.