WHAT THE LAW DOINCongress, in plain words

The law › Title 5, Government Organization and Employees › Chapter 83

5 U.S.C. 8331: Definitions

Created in 1966 by Public Law 89-554. Changed by 43 later laws. 1 bill in this Congress would change it.

This Congress

  • H.R. 3151 SHIPS for America Act of 2025 · introduced · would change (13)

How it got here

2020

  • Pub. L. 116–126 added par. (33). Law text · (33)

2018

  • Pub. L. 115–254 amended cl. (ii) generally. Prior to amendment, cl. (ii) read as follows: "received after September 11, 2001, by a Federal air marshal of the Department of Transportation, subject to all restrictions and earning limitations imposed on criminal investigators under se… Law text · (3)

2016

  • Pub. L. 114–136 substituted "section 5" for "section 4". Law text · (1)

2014

  • Pub. L. 113–277, §2(d)(4), substituted "subparagraphs (B) through (I)" for "subparagraphs (B) through (H)" in concluding provisions. Law text · (3)
  • Pub. L. 113–277, §2(d)(1)–(3), added subpar. (I). Law text · (3)

2012

  • Pub. L. 112–141 added par. (32). Law text · (32)

2008

  • Pub. L. 110–181, in concluding provisions, substituted "and includes service as a cadet at the United States Military Academy, the United States Air Force Academy, or the United States Coast Guard Academy, or as a midshipman at the United States Naval Academy, but" for "but". Law text · (13)

2007

  • Pub. L. 110–161 redesignated par. (29) defining "air traffic controller" or "controller" as (30) and added par. (31). Law text · (29), (30), (31)

2003

  • Pub. L. 108–18, §2(a)(1), substituted " 'normal-cost percentage' " for " 'normal cost' " and inserted "and standards (using dynamic assumptions)" after "practice". Law text · (17)
  • Pub. L. 108–18, §2(a)(2), amended par. (18) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (18) read as follows: " 'Fund balance' means the sum of— Law text · (18)
  • Pub. L. 108–18, §2(a)(3), and Pub. L. 108–176, §226(a)(1)(A), (B), made identical amendments, striking out "and" at end of par. (27) and substituting "; and" for period at end of par. (28). Law text · (27), (28)
  • Pub. L. 108–176, §226(a)(1)(C), added par. (29) defining "air traffic controller" or "controller". Law text · (29)
  • Pub. L. 108–18, §2(a)(3), added par. (29) defining "dynamic assumptions" . Law text · (29)

2001

  • Pub. L. 107–71 amended subpar. (E) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (E) read as follows: "with respect to a criminal investigator, availability pay under section 5545a of this title;". Law text · (3)

2000

  • Pub. L. 106–571, §3(a)(4), substituted "through (H)" for "through (G)" in concluding provisions. Law text · (3)
  • Pub. L. 106–571, §3(a)(1)–(3), added subpar. (H). Law text · (3)
  • Pub. L. 106–571, §3(b)(2), added par. (28). Law text · (28)

1998

  • Pub. L. 105–277 struck out "and" at end of subpar. (D), added subpars. (E) and (F), redesignated former subpar. (E) as (G), and, in concluding provisions, substituted "subparagraphs (B) through (G)" for "subparagraphs (B), (C), (D), and (E)". Law text · (3)
  • Pub. L. 105–261 added par. (27). Law text · (27)

1994

  • Pub. L. 103–353 inserted before semicolon at end "or full-time National Guard duty (as such term is defined in section 101(d) of title 10) if such service interrupts creditable civilian service under this subchapter and is followed by reemployment in accordance with chapter 43 of title 3… · (13)

1993

  • Pub. L. 103–66 added subpar. (E), and in closing provisions substituted "subparagraphs (B), (C), (D), and (E) of this paragraph" for "subparagraphs (B), (C), and (D) of this paragraph,". · (3)

1992

  • Pub. L. 102–378, §2(57)(A)(i), substituted "section 8347(q)(1)" for "section 8347(p)(1)". · (1)
  • Pub. L. 102–378, §2(57)(A)(ii), substituted "section 8347(q)(2)" for "section 8347(p)(2)". · (1)
  • Pub. L. 102–378, §2(57)(B), substituted "University" for "College". · (7)
  • Pub. L. 102–572 substituted "Court of Federal Claims" for "Claims Court" and "United States Court of Federal Claims" for "United States Claims Court". · (26)

1990

  • Pub. L. 101–508, §7202(j)(1)(A)–(C), added subpar. (L). · (1)
  • Pub. L. 101–508, §7202(j)(1)(D), substituted "(besides any employee excluded by clause (x), but including any employee who has made an election under section 8347(p)(2) to remain covered by a retirement system established for employees described in section 2105(c))" for "(other than a… · (1)
  • Pub. L. 101–474 amended cl. (v) generally. Prior to amendment, cl. (v) read as follows: "a temporary employee of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts or of a court named by section 610 of title 28;". · (1)
  • Pub. L. 101–508, §7202(j)(1)(E), substituted "Gallaudet College, and, in the case of an employee described in paragraph (1)(L), a nonappropriated fund instrumentality of the Department of Defense or the Coast Guard described in section 2105(c)" for "and Gallaudet College". · (7)
  • Pub. L. 101–650 added par. (26). · (26)

1988

  • Pub. L. 100–679 added subpar. (K). · (1)
  • Pub. L. 100–238, §112, added cl. (xii). · (1)
  • Pub. L. 100–238, §123, inserted "but does not include any amount attributable to— · (18)

1987

  • Pub. L. 100–53, §2(a)(1), amended par. (22) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (22) read as follows: " 'bankruptcy judge' means an individual appointed under section 34 of the Bankruptcy Act (11 U.S.C. 62) or under section 404(d) of the Act of November 6, 1978 (Public Law 95–598; 92 Sta… · (22)
  • Pub. L. 100–53, §2(a)(2)–(4), added par. (25). · (25)

1986

  • Pub. L. 99–335, §207(f)(1), amended subpar. (G) generally, substituting "first employed" for "employed" and inserting "before October 1, 1987". · (1)
  • Pub. L. 99–335, §202(a)(1), amended cl. (ii) generally, inserting "(other than an employee described in clause (x)". · (1)
  • Pub. L. 99–335, §202(a)(2)–(4), added cl. (x). · (1)
  • Pub. L. 99–335, §207(f)(2), added cl. (xi). · (1)
  • Pub. L. 99–335, §202(b), inserted ", but does not include any such Member of Congress who is subject to the Federal Employees' Retirement System or who makes an election under section 8401(20) of this title not to be subject to such System". · (2)

1984

  • Pub. L. 98–353, §116(a)(1), substituted "of November 6, 1978 (Public Law 95–598; 92 Stat. 2549)" for "adding this paragraph" in provision preceding subpar. (A). · (22)
  • Pub. L. 98–531 substituted "who is serving as a United States bankruptcy judge on March 31, 1984;" for "who is serving as a United States bankruptcy judge on the date of enactment of the Bankruptcy Amendments and Federal Judgeship Act of 1984, and continues to serve as a bankruptcy ju… · (22)
  • Pub. L. 98–353, §121(g), substituted "the day before the date of enactment of the Bankruptcy Amendments and Federal Judgeship Act of 1984" for "June 27, 1984". · (22)
  • Pub. L. 98–353, §116(a)(2), substituted "who is serving as a United States bankruptcy judge on the date of enactment of the Bankruptcy Amendments and Federal Judgeship Act of 1984, and continues to serve as a bankruptcy judge after such date until either the date on which a successor for such judge… · (22)
  • Pub. L. 98–325 substituted "June 27, 1984" for "June 20, 1984". · (22)
  • Pub. L. 98–299 substituted "June 20, 1984" for "May 25, 1984". · (22)
  • Pub. L. 98–271 substituted "May 25, 1984" for "April 30, 1984". · (22)
  • Pub. L. 98–249 substituted "April 30, 1984" for "March 31, 1984". · (22)
  • Pub. L. 98–531 substituted "whose service as United States bankruptcy judge at any time in the period beginning on October 1, 1979, and ending on July 10, 1984, is terminated by reason of death or disability" for "whose service as a United States bankruptcy judge during the period beg… · (22)
  • Pub. L. 98–353, §116(a)(3)(A), substituted "period beginning on October 1, 1979, and ending on the date of enactment of the Bankruptcy Amendments and Federal Judgeship Act of 1984" for "transition period". · (22)
  • Pub. L. 98–353, §116(a)(4), added subpar. (C). · (22)
  • Pub. L. 98–615 added pars. (23) and (24). · (23), (24)

1982

  • Pub. L. 97–253, §306(a), inserted ", including any amounts deposited under section 8334(j) of this title". · (8)

1980

  • Pub. L. 96–499 struck out par. (6) which defined "disabled" and "disability" as meaning totally disabled or total disability for useful and efficient service in the grade or class of position last occupied by the employee or Member because of disease or injury not due to vicious habits, i… · (6)

1979

  • Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(47)(A), struck out "and a Delegate to Congress," after "title,". · (2)
  • Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(47)(B), struck out "and" after "determined;". · (19)

1978

  • Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" and "Office" for "Civil Service Commission" and "Commission", respectively, wherever appearing. · (1), (17), (20)
  • Pub. L. 95–598 added par. (22). · (22)

1975

  • Pub. L. 94–183 struck out provision relating to member's option of having average pay computed from averaging rates of basic pay in effect over all periods of member's service after August 2, 1946. · (4)

1974

  • Pub. L. 93–350, §2(a), added subpar. (D) and inserted reference to subpar. (D) in closing provisions of par. (3). · (3)
  • Pub. L. 93–350, §2(b), added pars. (20) and (21). · (20), (21)

1972

  • Pub. L. 92–352 added par. (1)(J). · (1)

1969

  • Pub. L. 91–93, §201(a), reduced the number of years of creditable service from 5 to 3 consecutive years and provided for averaging rate of basic pay over the total service in the case of an annuity under subsec. (d) or (e)(1) of section 8341 of this title based on service of less than … · (4)
  • Pub. L. 91–93, §101, added pars. (17) to (19). · (17), (18), (19)

1968

  • Pub. L. 90–623 inserted reference to section 60e–14 of title 2. · (3)

1966

  • Pub. L. 89–737 added subpar. (C) and, in the exception set out in provisions following subpar. (C), substituted reference to subpars. (B) and (C) for reference to subpar. (B). · (3)

Text, outline and history from the official U.S. Code (2024 edition) on GovInfo, published by the Office of the Law Revision Counsel. Changes made after that edition appear under This Congress.