WHAT THE LAW DOINCongress, in plain words

H.R. 1919 · 119th Congress

Anti-CBDC Surveillance State Act

Passed HouseFinance and Financial Sector
IntroducedMar 6, 2025
Passed HouseJul 17, 2025
Passed SenateNot yet
To PresidentNot yet
Became lawNot yet

Where it stands

Passed House. Latest step, Jul 17, 2025: Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection. The House passed it 219–210. From Iowa: Randy Feenstra, Ashley Hinson and Zachary Nunn cosponsor it. All 4 of Iowa's representatives voted yes in the House. It would change 2 sections of existing law and would add 1 new provisions of its own.

How this bill changes the law

Sourced

H.R. 1919 would change 2 sections of existing law, and would create 1 new provision of its own. Read from the bill text as passed by the House (Jul 17, 2025).

12 U.S.C. 411 Issuance to reserve banks; nature of obligation; redemption

12 U.S.C. 241 Creation; membership; compensation and expenses

New provisions of the bill's own

  • Sec. 3 Prohibition on Federal reserve banks indirectly issuing a central bank digital currency
What the words would change: every change, in place (2)

Today's wording of each part of the law, with what would be struck out and added. Each change also gives the bill's own instruction, word for word.

  1. 12 U.S.C. 411added (18)by H.R. 1919 Sec. 2

    (18)(A) A Federal reserve bank may not—(i) offer financial products or services directly to an individual;(ii) maintain an account on behalf of an individual; or(iii) issue a central bank digital currency, or any digital asset that is substantially similar under any other name or label.(B) In this paragraph, the term "central bank digital currency" has the meaning given that term under section 10(11)(D).

    The bill says: Section 16 of the Federal Reserve Act (12 U.S.C. 411 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

    Bill text · Current law (12 U.S.C. 411)

  2. 12 U.S.C. 241added (11)by H.R. 1919 Sec. 4

    (11) Prohibition with respect to central bank digital currency.—(A) In general.— The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System may not test, study, develop, create, or implement a central bank digital currency, or any digital asset that is substantially similar under any other name or label.(B) Monetary policy.— The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and the Federal Open Market Committee may not use a central bank digital currency to implement monetary policy, or any digital asset that is substantially similar under any other name or label.(C) Exception.— Subparagraph (A) and sections 16(18)(A)(iii) and 16(19)(A) may not be construed to prohibit any dollar-denominated currency that is open, permissionless, and private, and fully preserves the privacy protections of United States coins and physical currency.(D) Central bank digital currency defined.— In this paragraph, the term "central bank digital currency" means a form of digital money or monetary value that is—(i) denominated in the national unit of account;(ii) a direct liability of the Federal Reserve System; and(iii) widely available to the general public.

    The bill says: Section 10 of the Federal Reserve Act (12 U.S.C. 241 et seq.) is amended by inserting before paragraph (12) the following:

    Bill text · Current law (12 U.S.C. 241)

From the bill's official text on GovInfo and the U.S. Code, 2024 edition, which may not yet show changes made since.

What it does

Sourced

Anti-CBDC Surveillance State Act

This bill prohibits a Federal Reserve bank from offering products or services directly to an individual, maintaining an account on behalf of an individual, or issuing a central bank digital currency (i.e., a digital dollar). Further, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System is prohibited from using a central bank digital currency to implement monetary policy or from testing, studying, creating, or implementing a central bank digital currency, with exceptions as provided by the bill.

Official summary by the Congressional Research Service (Introduced in House, Mar 6, 2025).

Our plain-language breakdown, with what it means for you and the case for and against, is written once a bill starts to move.

What has happened

Sourced
  1. Jul 17, 2025Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.House floor actions
  2. Jul 17, 2025On passage Passed by the Yeas and Nays: 219 - 210 (Roll no. 201). (text of amendment in the nature of a substitute: CR H3427-3428) Roll call recordHouse floor actions
  3. Jul 17, 2025Passed/agreed to in House: On passage Passed by the Yeas and Nays: 219 - 210 (Roll no. 201). Roll call recordLibrary of Congress
  4. Jul 17, 2025Considered as unfinished business. (consideration: CR H3450)House floor actions
  5. Jul 17, 2025POSTPONED PROCEEDINGS - At the conclusion of debate on H.R. 1919, the Chair put the question on passage of the bill and by voice vote, announced that the ayes had prevailed. Ms. Waters demanded the yeas and nays and the Chair postponed further proceedings until a time to be announced.House floor actions
  6. Jul 17, 2025The previous question was ordered pursuant to the rule.House floor actions
  7. Jul 17, 2025DEBATE - The House proceeded with one hour of debate on H.R. 1919.House floor actions
  8. Jul 17, 2025Rule provides for consideration of H.R. 4016, H.R. 3633, H.R. 1919 and S. 1582. The resolution provides for consideration of H.R. 4016 and H.R. 3633 under a structured rule, and H.R. 1919 and S. 1582 under a closed rule, with one hour of general debate on each bill. The resolution provides for a motion to recommit on H.R. 4016, H.R. 3633, and H.R. 1919, and a motion to commit on S. 1582.House floor actions
  9. Jul 17, 2025Considered under the provisions of rule H. Res. 580. (consideration: CR H3427-3434)House floor actions
  10. Jul 15, 2025Rules Committee Resolution H. Res. 580 Reported to House. Rule provides for consideration of H.R. 4016, H.R. 3633, H.R. 1919 and S. 1582. The resolution provides for consideration of H.R. 4016 and H.R. 3633 under a structured rule, and H.R. 1919 and S. 1582 under a closed rule, with one hour of general debate on each bill. The resolution provides for a motion to recommit on H.R. 4016, H.R. 3633, and H.R. 1919, and a motion to commit on S. 1582.House floor actions
  11. May 6, 2025Placed on the Union Calendar, Calendar No. 66.House floor actions
  12. May 6, 2025Reported (Amended) by the Committee on Financial Services. H. Rept. 119-92.House floor actions
  13. May 6, 2025Reported (Amended) by the Committee on Financial Services. H. Rept. 119-92.Library of Congress
  14. Apr 2, 2025Ordered to be Reported (Amended) by the Yeas and Nays: 27 - 22.House committee actions
  15. Apr 2, 2025Committee Consideration and Mark-up Session HeldHouse committee actions
  16. Mar 6, 2025Referred to the House Committee on Financial Services.House floor actions
  17. Mar 6, 2025Introduced in HouseLibrary of Congress
  18. Mar 6, 2025Introduced in HouseLibrary of Congress

Show key steps only

Recorded votes

Sourced
  1. Jul 17, 2025 · HousePassed 219–210
    Iowa: Randy Feenstra yes, Ashley Hinson yes, Mariannette Miller-Meeks yes, Zachary Nunn yes
    On Passage · needed a majority
    R 217 yes, 0 noD 2 yes, 210 noEach member · Record

Cosponsors

From Iowa

Everyone else (132)

  • Mark E. Amodei R-NV-2
  • Brian Babin R-TX-36
  • Don Bacon R-NE-2
  • James R. Baird R-IN-4
  • Troy Balderson R-OH-12
  • Andy Barr R-KY-6
  • Michael Baumgartner R-WA-5
  • Aaron Bean R-FL-4
  • Nicholas J. Begich III R-AK-At Large
  • Cliff Bentz R-OR-2
  • Jack Bergman R-MI-1
  • Stephanie I. Bice R-OK-5
Show 120 more cosponsors
  • Andy Biggs R-AZ-5
  • Gus M. Bilirakis R-FL-12
  • Mike Bost R-IL-12
  • Josh Brecheen R-OK-2
  • Robert P. Bresnahan, Jr. R-PA-8
  • Kat Cammack R-FL-3
  • Mike Carey R-OH-15
  • John R. Carter R-TX-31
  • Juan Ciscomani R-AZ-6
  • Ben Cline R-VA-6
  • Michael Cloud R-TX-27
  • Andrew S. Clyde R-GA-9
  • Tom Cole R-OK-4
  • Mike Collins R-GA-10
  • Elijah Crane R-AZ-2
  • Jeff Crank R-CO-5
  • Dan Crenshaw R-TX-2
  • Warren Davidson R-OH-8
  • Monica De La Cruz R-TX-15
  • Byron Donalds R-FL-19
  • Troy Downing R-MT-2
  • Chuck Edwards R-NC-11
  • Jake Ellzey R-TX-6
  • Mike Ezell R-MS-4
  • Brad Finstad R-MN-1
  • Michelle Fischbach R-MN-7
  • Scott Fitzgerald R-WI-5
  • Charles J. "Chuck" Fleischmann R-TN-3
  • Mike Flood R-NE-1
  • Scott Franklin R-FL-18
  • Andrew R. Garbarino R-NY-2
  • Brandon Gill R-TX-26
  • Craig A. Goldman R-TX-12
  • Lance Gooden R-TX-5
  • Paul A. Gosar R-AZ-9
  • Sam Graves R-MO-6
  • Rep. Mark E. Green R-TN-7
  • Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene R-GA-14
  • Glenn Grothman R-WI-6
  • Michael Guest R-MS-3
  • Brett Guthrie R-KY-2
  • Harriet M. Hageman R-WY-At Large
  • Mike Haridopolos R-FL-8
  • Diana Harshbarger R-TN-1
  • Kevin Hern R-OK-1
  • Clay Higgins R-LA-3
  • J. French Hill R-AR-2
  • Erin Houchin R-IN-9
  • Richard Hudson R-NC-9
  • Bill Huizenga R-MI-4
  • Darrell Issa R-CA-48
  • Brian Jack R-GA-3
  • Ronny Jackson R-TX-13
  • Dusty Johnson R-SD-At Large
  • Thomas H. Kean, Jr. R-NJ-7
  • Mike Kelly R-PA-16
  • Trent Kelly R-MS-1
  • Mike Kennedy R-UT-3
  • Kevin Kiley I-CA-3
  • Young Kim R-CA-40
  • Darin LaHood R-IL-16
  • Nicholas A. Langworthy R-NY-23
  • Robert E. Latta R-OH-5
  • Michael Lawler R-NY-17
  • Julia Letlow R-LA-5
  • Barry Loudermilk R-GA-11
  • Frank D. Lucas R-OK-3
  • Anna Paulina Luna R-FL-13
  • Nancy Mace R-SC-1
  • Ryan Mackenzie R-PA-7
  • Tracey Mann R-KS-1
  • Michael T. McCaul R-TX-10
  • Richard McCormick R-GA-7
  • Addison P. McDowell R-NC-6
  • John J. McGuire III R-VA-5
  • Mark B. Messmer R-IN-8
  • Daniel Meuser R-PA-9
  • Mary E. Miller R-IL-15
  • John R. Moolenaar R-MI-2
  • Barry Moore R-AL-1
  • Tim Moore R-NC-14
  • Nathaniel Moran R-TX-1
  • Gregory F. Murphy R-NC-3
  • Troy E. Nehls R-TX-22
  • Ralph Norman R-SC-5
  • Andrew Ogles R-TN-5
  • Burgess Owens R-UT-4
  • Scott Perry R-PA-10
  • August Pfluger R-TX-11
  • Guy Reschenthaler R-PA-14
  • Mike Rogers R-AL-3
  • John W. Rose R-TN-6
  • David Rouzer R-NC-7
  • Chip Roy R-TX-21
  • Michael A. Rulli R-OH-6
  • John H. Rutherford R-FL-5
  • Maria Elvira Salazar R-FL-27
  • Derek Schmidt R-KS-2
  • Austin Scott R-GA-8
  • Pete Sessions R-TX-17
  • Adrian Smith R-NE-3
  • Pete Stauber R-MN-8
  • Bryan Steil R-WI-1
  • W. Gregory Steube R-FL-17
  • Marlin A. Stutzman R-IN-3
  • David J. Taylor R-OH-2
  • Claudia Tenney R-NY-24
  • Thomas P. Tiffany R-WI-7
  • William R. Timmons IV R-SC-4
  • David G. Valadao R-CA-22
  • Jefferson Van Drew R-NJ-2
  • Beth Van Duyne R-TX-24
  • Derrick Van Orden R-WI-3
  • Ann Wagner R-MO-2
  • Randy K. Weber, Sr. R-TX-14
  • Roger Williams R-TX-25
  • Robert J. Wittman R-VA-1
  • Steve Womack R-AR-3
  • Rudy Yakym III R-IN-2
  • Ryan K. Zinke R-MT-1