WHAT THE LAW DOINCongress, in plain words

H.R. 5334 · 119th Congress · Public Law 119-111

Lindsey O. Graham Sanctioning Russia and Iran Act of 2026

Became lawInternational Affairs
IntroducedSep 11, 2025
Passed HouseApr 27, 2026
Passed SenateAug 7, 2026
To PresidentSep 17, 2026
Became lawSep 18, 2026

How this bill changes the law

Sourced

H.R. 5334 changed 2 sections of existing law, and created 18 new provisions of its own. Read from the bill text in its final form, as sent to the President.

Public Law 104-172 An earlier law, changed directly

26 U.S.C. 62 Adjusted gross income defined

  • (d) Definition; special rules rewritten · Sec. 1(a) · see the words

New provisions of the bill's own

  • Sec. 101 Definitions
  • Sec. 102 Imposition of sanctions on certain persons affiliated with or supporting the Government of the Russian Federation
  • Sec. 103 Imposition of sanctions with respect to financial institutions affiliated with the Government of the Russian Federation
  • Sec. 104 Imposition of sanctions with respect to other entities owned or controlled by the Government of the Russian Federation
  • Sec. 105 Prohibition on transfers of funds involving the Russian Federation
  • Sec. 106 Prohibition on listing or trading of Russian entities on United States securities exchanges
  • Sec. 107 Prohibition on investment by United States persons in the Russian Federation
  • Sec. 108 Prohibition on energy exports to, and investment in energy sector of, the Russian Federation
  • Sec. 109 Prohibition on purchase of sovereign debt of the Russian Federation by United States persons
  • Sec. 110 Prohibition on provision of services to sanctioned financial institutions by international financial messaging systems
  • Sec. 111 Prohibition on importing, and sanctions with respect to, uranium from the Russian Federation
  • Sec. 112 Increase in duties on goods imported from the Russian Federation
  • Sec. 113 Duties on countries that purchase Russian-origin crude oil or natural gas or facilitate sanctions evasion
  • Sec. 114 Exceptions
  • Sec. 115 Waiver
  • Sec. 116 Sanctions implementation and penalties
  • Sec. 117 Termination
  • Sec. 203 Sunset
What the words changed: every change, in place (3)

Today's wording of each part of the law, with what was struck out and added. Each change also gives the bill's own instruction, word for word.

  1. Public Law 104-172(b)changedby H.R. 5334 Sec. 201

    The bill says: Section 13(b) of the Iran Sanctions Act of 1996 (Public Law 104–172; 50 U.S.C. 1701 note) is amended by striking "2026" and inserting "2031".

    Bill text

  2. 26 U.S.C. 62(d)(1)(A)changedby H.R. 5334 Sec. 1(a)

    The bill says: in subparagraph (A), by striking "a kindergarten through grade 12 teacher" and inserting "an early childhood or kindergarten through grade 12 teacher", and

    Bill text · Current law (26 U.S.C. 62)

  3. 26 U.S.C. 62(d)(1)(B)rewrittenby H.R. 5334 Sec. 1(a)

    (B) School.— The term school means—(i) in the case of early childhood education, any school or childcare facility which—(I) provides educational or childcare services for more than 2 individuals (other than individuals who reside at the school or facility) who have not attained age 6, and(II) operates at the public expense or receives a fee, payment, or grant for providing such services for any of the individuals (regardless of whether such school or facility is operated for profit), and(ii) in the case of elementary education or secondary education (kindergarten through grade 12), any school which provides such education, as determined under State law.

    The bill says: in subparagraph (B), to read as follows:

    Bill text · Current law (26 U.S.C. 62)

From the bill's official text on GovInfo and the U.S. Code, 2024 edition, which may not yet show changes made since.

What it does

Sourced

Lindsey O. Graham Sanctioning Russia and Iran Act of 2026

This bill imposes a variety of sanctions, tariffs, and prohibitions related to Russia, extends an Iran-related sanctions law, and expands a tax deduction for teacher expenses to include early childhood educators.

For example, under the bill, the President must impose visa- and property-blocking sanctions on specified persons (individuals and entities) such as the Russian president and certain Russian military commanders. The President must also increase the rate of duty up to 100% ad valorem (i.e., relative to the value) on all goods imported into the United States from a country that was among the five largest importers of Russian-origin crude oil or natural gas if such country knowingly makes new purchases of such products after enactment of the bill.

The bill prohibits (1) the export, reexport, or in-country transfer to or in Russia of any U.S.-produced energy or energy product; (2) U.S. persons from making new investments in Russia or purchasing Russian sovereign debt; and (3) trading the securities of Russian government-owned, -controlled, or -affiliated entities on U.S. national securities exchanges.

The bill extends through 2031 the Iran Sanctions Act of 1996, which requires the President, with some exceptions, to impose sanctions on certain persons engaged in specified transactions related to Iran's energy sector or Iran's efforts to acquire or develop certain weapons.

The bill expands eligibility for federal tax deductions of certain educator expenses to early childhood educators providing educational or childcare services to those under age 6.

Official summary by the Congressional Research Service (Passed Senate, Aug 7, 2026).

Our plain-language breakdown, with what it means for you and the case for and against, is written once a bill starts to move.

What has happened

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  1. 2026-09-18Became Public Law No: 119-111.Library of Congress
  2. 2026-09-18Became Public Law No: 119-111.Library of Congress
  3. 2026-09-18Signed by President.Library of Congress
  4. 2026-09-18Signed by President.Library of Congress
  5. 2026-09-17Presented to President.House floor actions
  6. 2026-09-17Presented to President.Library of Congress
  7. 2026-09-16Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.House floor actions
  8. 2026-09-16On motion that the House agree to the Senate amendments Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: 262 - 159 (Roll no. 308). Roll call recordHouse floor actions
  9. 2026-09-16POSTPONED PROCEEDINGS - At the conclusion of debate on H.R. 5334, the Chair put the question on agreeing to the Senate amendments and by voice vote, announced the ayes had prevailed. Mr. Meeks demanded the yeas and nays and the Chair postponed further proceedings until a time to be announced.House floor actions
  10. 2026-09-16The previous question was ordered pursuant to the rule.House floor actions
  11. 2026-09-16DEBATE - Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 1530, the House proceeded with one hour of debate on motion to agree to the Senate amendments to H.R. 5334.House floor actions
  12. 2026-09-16Mr. McCaul moved that the House agree to the Senate amendments.House floor actions
  13. 2026-09-16Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 1530, Mr. McCaul called up the Senate amendments to H.R. 5334.House floor actions
  14. 2026-09-16Resolving differences -- House actions: On motion that the House agree to the Senate amendments Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: 262 - 159 (Roll no. 308). Roll call recordLibrary of Congress
  15. 2026-08-10Message on Senate action sent to the House.Senate
  16. 2026-08-07Passed Senate with an amendment and an amendment to the Title by Yea-Nay Vote. 86 - 11. Record Vote Number: 224. Roll call recordSenate
  17. 2026-08-07Passed/agreed to in Senate: Passed Senate with an amendment and an amendment to the Title by Yea-Nay Vote. 86 - 11. Record Vote Number: 224. Roll call recordLibrary of Congress
  18. 2026-08-07Considered by Senate. (consideration: CR S4538-4540)Senate
  19. 2026-07-29Measure laid before Senate by motion. (consideration: CR S4323)Senate
  20. 2026-07-29Motion to proceed to consideration of measure agreed to in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 84 - 12. Record Vote Number: 213. Roll call recordSenate
  21. 2026-07-29Motion to proceed to measure considered in Senate. (CR S4301)Senate
  22. 2026-07-28Cloture on the motion to proceed to the measure invoked in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 86 - 12. Record Vote Number: 212. (CR S4292) Roll call recordSenate
  23. 2026-07-23Cloture motion on the motion to proceed to the measure presented in Senate. (CR S4253)Senate
  24. 2026-07-23Motion to proceed to consideration of measure made in Senate. (CR S4253)Senate
  25. 2026-07-14Read the second time. Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 454.Senate
  26. 2026-07-13Read the first time. Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under Read the First Time.Senate
  27. 2026-04-28Received in the Senate.Senate
  28. 2026-04-27Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.House floor actions
  29. 2026-04-27On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill, as amended Agreed to by voice vote. (text: CR H3111-3112)House floor actions
  30. 2026-04-27Passed/agreed to in House: On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill, as amended Agreed to by voice vote. (text: CR H3111-3112)Library of Congress
  31. 2026-04-27DEBATE - The House proceeded with forty minutes of debate on H.R. 5334.House floor actions
  32. 2026-04-27Considered under suspension of the rules. (consideration: CR H3111-3113)House floor actions
  33. 2026-04-27Mr. Smith (MO) moved to suspend the rules and pass the bill, as amended.House floor actions
  34. 2026-04-09Placed on the Union Calendar, Calendar No. 520.House floor actions
  35. 2026-04-09Reported (Amended) by the Committee on Ways and Means. H. Rept. 119-600.House floor actions
  36. 2026-04-09Reported (Amended) by the Committee on Ways and Means. H. Rept. 119-600.Library of Congress
  37. 2026-03-25Ordered to be Reported in the Nature of a Substitute by the Yeas and Nays: 43 - 0.House committee actions
  38. 2026-03-25Committee Consideration and Mark-up Session HeldHouse committee actions
  39. 2025-09-11Referred to the House Committee on Ways and Means.House floor actions
  40. 2025-09-11Introduced in HouseLibrary of Congress
  41. 2025-09-11Introduced in HouseLibrary of Congress

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After it became law

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Since it became law on Sep 18, 2026, the Federal Register, the government's daily record of rules and notices, has published 1 document that name it: 1 presidential document. It names it in the title, the summary or the legal authority.

Named in the title, summary or legal authority

  1. Executive OrderOct 21, 2026Executive Office of the President
    Implementing the Lindsey O. Graham Sanctioning Russia and Iran Act of 2026
    By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including the Lindsey O. Graham Sanctioning Russia and Iran Act of 2026 (22 U.S.C. 10802 et seq.) (Graham Act), and section 301 of title 3, United States Code, I hereby determine and order:
    Names the law in its title

Found by searching the Federal Register for Public Law 119-111 and the law's names, then reading each document: every one listed contains them, and the quote is its own words. An agency can carry out a law without naming it, so this list can miss some. Checked Oct 27, 2026. Every new law's rules

Recorded votes

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Jul 28, 2026 · Senate roll call 212 · needed 3/5

On Cloture on the Motion to Proceed: Cloture on the Motion to Proceed Agreed to 86–12

R 50 yes, 1 no, 2 present or not votingI 1 yes, 1 noD 35 yes, 10 no

How each member voted · Official record

Jul 29, 2026 · Senate roll call 213 · needed 1/2

On the Motion to Proceed: Motion to Proceed Agreed to 84–12

R 50 yes, 1 no, 2 present or not votingI 1 yes, 1 noD 33 yes, 10 no, 2 present or not voting

How each member voted · Official record

Aug 7, 2026 · Senate roll call 223 · needed 1/2

On the Amendment: Amendment Rejected 32–64

R 2 yes, 48 no, 3 present or not votingI 1 yes, 1 noD 29 yes, 15 no, 1 present or not voting

How each member voted · Official record

Aug 7, 2026 · Senate roll call 224 · needed 3/5

On Passage of the Bill: Bill Passed 86–11

R 49 yes, 1 no, 3 present or not votingI 1 yes, 1 noD 36 yes, 9 no

How each member voted · Official record

Sep 16, 2026 · House roll call 308 · needed 1/2

On Motion to Concur in the Senate Amendments: Passed 262–159

R 203 yes, 7 no, 8 present or not votingI 1 yes, 0 noD 58 yes, 152 no, 4 present or not voting

How each member voted · Official record

Cosponsors

  • Robert P. Bresnahan, Jr. R-PA-8
  • Janelle S. Bynum D-OR-5
  • Troy A. Carter D-LA-2
  • Angie Craig D-MN-2
  • Danny K. Davis D-IL-7
  • Brian K. Fitzpatrick R-PA-1
  • Laura Friedman D-CA-30
  • Maggie Goodlander D-NH-2
  • Josh Gottheimer D-NJ-5
  • Thomas H. Kean, Jr. R-NJ-7
  • Michael Lawler R-NY-17
  • Kevin Mullin D-CA-15
  • Joe Neguse D-CO-2
  • Johnny Olszewski, Jr. D-MD-2
  • Chris Pappas D-NH-1
  • Chellie Pingree D-ME-1
  • Eric Sorensen D-IL-17
  • Suhas Subramanyam D-VA-10
  • Thomas R. Suozzi D-NY-3
  • Shri Thanedar D-MI-13
  • Rashida Tlaib D-MI-12
  • Jill N. Tokuda D-HI-2
  • David G. Valadao R-CA-22