Passed House. Latest step, Jul 15, 2026: Committee on Energy and Natural Resources Subcommittee on Public Lands, Forests, and Mining. Hearings held. The House passed it 231–186. It would change 1 section of existing law.
How this bill changes the law
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H.R. 5587 would change 1 section of existing law. Read from the bill text as sent to the Senate (Apr 28, 2026).
adds
changes words
removes or repeals
renumbers
Dashed lines: proposed, not law.
H.R. 5587Bill
Sec. 2No Federal permit required for geothermal activities on certain land1 change
30 No Federal permit required for geothermal activities on certain land.—(a) In general.— The Secretary shall not require an operator to obtain a Federal drilling permit for geothermal exploration and production activities conducted on a non-Federal surface estate, provided that—(1) the United States holds an ownership interest of less than 50 percent of the subsurface geothermal estate to be accessed by the proposed action; and(2) the operator submits to the Secretary a State permit to conduct geothermal exploration and production activities on the non-Federal surface estate.(b) No Federal action.— A geothermal exploration and production activity carried out under subsection (a)—(1) shall not be considered a major Federal action for the purposes of section 102(2)(C) of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969;(2) shall require no additional Federal action;(3) may commence 30 days after submission of the State permit to the Secretary;(4) shall not be subject to section 7 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973; and(5) shall only be considered an undertaking under division A of subtitle III of title 54, United States Code (commonly referred to as the "National Historic Preservation Act"), if, with respect to the State in which the activity occurs, there is no State law in effect that addresses the preservation of historic properties in such State.(c) Royalties and production accountability.—(1) Nothing in this section shall affect the amount of royalties due to the United States under this Act from the production of electricity using geothermal resources (other than direct use of geothermal resources) or the production of any byproducts.(2) The Secretary may conduct onsite reviews and inspections to ensure proper accountability, measurement, and reporting of the production described in subsection (a), and payment of royalties.(d) Exceptions.— This section shall not apply to actions on Indian lands or resources managed in trust for the benefit of Indian Tribes.(e) Indian land.— In this section, the term Indian land means—(1) any land located within the boundaries of an Indian reservation, pueblo, or rancheria; and(2) any land not located within the boundaries of an Indian reservation, pueblo, or rancheria, the title to which is held—(A) in trust by the United States for the benefit of an Indian tribe or an individual Indian;(B) by an Indian tribe or an individual Indian, subject to restriction against alienation under laws of the United States; or(C) by a dependent Indian community.
The bill says: The Geothermal Steam Act of 1970 (30 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:
From the bill's official text on GovInfo and the U.S. Code, 2024 edition, which may not yet show changes made since.
What it does
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Harnessing Energy At Thermal Sources Act or the HEATS Act
This bill exempts certain geothermal activities on state and private lands (except Indian lands) from drilling permit requirements as well as environmental and historic preservation review requirements.
First, the bill prohibits the Department of the Interior from requiring an operator to obtain a drilling permit under the Geothermal Steam Act of 1970 for any geothermal exploration and production activity conducted on a nonfederal surface estate (i.e., the part of the estate that is above ground) if (1) the United States holds an ownership interest of less than 50% of the subsurface geothermal estate to be accessed by the proposed action, and (2) the operator submits to Interior a state permit to conduct the geothermal exploration and production activity on the nonfederal surface estate.
Next, the bill states that such geothermal exploration and production activity is not considered a major federal action under National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA). Thus, such activity does not trigger NEPA's environmental review requirements.
In addition, the bill exempts such activity from the consultation requirements under the Endangered Species Act of 1973. It also exempts the activity from review under the National Historic Preservation Act unless the state in which the activity occurs does not have a state law that addresses the preservation of historic properties.
Official summary by the Congressional Research Service (Introduced in House, Sep 26, 2025).
Our plain-language breakdown, with what it means for you and the case for and against, is written once a bill starts to move.
What has happened
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Apr 23, 2026Passed/agreed to in House: On passage Passed by the Yeas and Nays: 231 - 186 (Roll no. 137). (text: CR H3073) Roll call recordLibrary of Congress
Apr 15, 2026Reported (Amended) by the Committee on Natural Resources. H. Rept. 119-613.Library of Congress
Sep 26, 2025Introduced in HouseLibrary of Congress