WHAT THE LAW DOINCongress, in plain words

S. 894 · 119th Congress

Do No Harm Act

IntroducedCivil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues
IntroducedMar 6, 2025
Passed SenateNot yet
Passed HouseNot yet
To PresidentNot yet
Became lawNot yet

Where it stands

Introduced. Latest step, Mar 6, 2025: Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. It would change 1 section of existing law.

How this bill changes the law

Sourced

S. 894 would change 1 section of existing law. Read from the bill text as introduced in the Senate (Mar 6, 2025).

42 U.S.C. 2000bb-1 Free exercise of religion protected

What the words would change: every change, in place (2)

Today's wording of each part of the law, with what would be struck out and added. Each change also gives the bill's own instruction, word for word.

  1. 42 U.S.C. 2000bb-1added (d)by S. 894 Sec. 2

    (d) Additional exception from application of Act where Federal law prevents harm to others.— Subsections (a), (b), and (c) do not apply to—(1) any provision of law or its implementation that provides for or requires—(A) a protection against discrimination or the promotion of equal opportunity, including the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000a et seq.), the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12101 et seq.), the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 (29 U.S.C. 2601 et seq.), and the Violence Against Women Act of 1994 (34 U.S.C. 12291 et seq.);(B) an employer to provide a wage, other compensation, or a benefit, including leave, or a standard protecting collective activity in the workplace;(C) a protection against child labor, child abuse, or child exploitation; or(D) access to, information about, a referral for, provision of, or coverage for, any health care item or service;(2) any term of a government contract, grant, cooperative agreement, or other award, that provides funds directly or indirectly, and that requires a good, service, function, or activity to be performed for or provided to a beneficiary of or a participant in a program or activity funded, directly or indirectly, by a government contract, grant, cooperative agreement, or other award; or(3) the extent that application would result in denying a person the full and equal enjoyment of a good, service, benefit, facility, privilege, advantage, or accommodation provided by the government.

    The bill says: Section 3 of the Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 1993 (42 U.S.C. 2000bb–1) is amended by adding at the end the following:

  2. 42 U.S.C. 2000bb-1(c)changedby S. 894 Sec. 3(b)

    (c) Judicial relief. A person whose religious exercise has been burdened in violation of this section may assert that violation as a claim or defense in a judicial proceedingjudicial proceeding to which a government is a party and obtain appropriate relief against that government. and obtain appropriate relief against a government. Standing to assert a claim or defense under this section shall be governed by the general rules of standing under article III of the Constitution.

    The bill says: Section 3(c) of the Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 1993 (42 U.S.C. 2000bb–1(c)) is amended, in the first sentence, by striking "judicial proceeding" and all that follows through the first period and inserting "judicial proceeding to which a government is a party and obtain appropriate relief against that government.".

From the bill's official text on GovInfo and the U.S. Code, 2024 edition, which may not yet show changes made since.

What it does

Sourced

Do No Harm Act

This bill prohibits the application of the Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 1993 (RFRA) to specified federal laws or the implementation of such laws. Currently, RFRA prohibits the government from substantially burdening a person's exercise of religion even if the burden results from a rule of general applicability, except in furtherance of a compelling governmental interest when using the least restrictive means.

Under the bill, RFRA is inapplicable to laws or the implementation of laws that

• protect against discrimination or require the promotion of equal opportunity (e.g., the Civil Rights Act of 1964);

• require employers to provide wages, other compensation, or benefits, including leave;

• protect collective activity in the workplace;

• protect against child labor, abuse, or exploitation; or

• provide for access to, information about, referrals for, provision of, or coverage for any health care item or service.

The bill prevents RFRA from being used to deny (1) goods or services the government has agreed to provide to a beneficiary of or participant in a program or activity funded by a government contract, grant, agreement, or other award; or (2) a person's full and equal enjoyment of a government-provided good, service, benefit, facility, privilege, advantage, or accommodation.

In order for a person to assert a RFRA claim or defense in a judicial proceeding, the government must be a party to the proceeding.

Official summary by the Congressional Research Service (Introduced in Senate, Mar 6, 2025).

Our plain-language breakdown, with what it means for you and the case for and against, is written once a bill starts to move.

What has happened

Sourced
  1. Mar 6, 2025Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary.Senate
  2. Mar 6, 2025Introduced in SenateLibrary of Congress

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Cosponsors

  • Tammy Baldwin D-WI
  • Richard Blumenthal D-CT
  • Catherine Cortez Masto D-NV
  • Tammy Duckworth D-IL
  • John Fetterman D-PA
  • Kirsten E. Gillibrand D-NY
  • Martin Heinrich D-NM
  • John W. Hickenlooper D-CO
  • Mazie K. Hirono D-HI
  • Amy Klobuchar D-MN
  • Edward J. Markey D-MA
  • Jeff Merkley D-OR
Show 13 more cosponsors
  • Patty Murray D-WA
  • Alex Padilla D-CA
  • Jack Reed D-RI
  • Jacky Rosen D-NV
  • Bernard Sanders I-VT
  • Adam B. Schiff D-CA
  • Jeanne Shaheen D-NH
  • Tina Smith D-MN
  • Chris Van Hollen D-MD
  • Elizabeth Warren D-MA
  • Peter Welch D-VT
  • Sheldon Whitehouse D-RI
  • Ron Wyden D-OR