WHAT THE LAW DOINCongress, in plain words

For you

Savers, investors and borrowers

What our breakdowns say each bill would mean for you, from groups whose heading contains bank, invest, stock, loan, debt, bankruptcy, dollar, send money, keep money or credit union. Newest official action first.

9 bills57 points

H.R. 5334

Lindsey O. Graham Sanctioning Russia and Iran Act of 2026

Latest official action Sep 18, 2026 · Drafted by AI, awaiting review by two people

If you invest or keep money in a U.S. bank

New limits on money flowing to Russia

  • Americans, green card holders, and U.S. companies may not make new investments in Russia.
    6New investment in the Russian Federation by a United States person, wherever located.[6] H.R. 5334 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Div. A, Sec. 107(1)a United States citizen or an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence to the United States[6] H.R. 5334 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Div. A, Sec. 101(11)(A)
  • They may not buy Russian government debt.
    6the purchase of sovereign debt of the Government of the Russian Federation by any United States person (including a United States financial institution) is prohibited[6] H.R. 5334 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Div. A, Sec. 109
  • Stock of companies controlled by or tied to the Russian government may not trade on U.S. national stock exchanges.
    6the Securities and Exchange Commission shall prohibit the securities of an issuer described in subsection (b) from being traded on a national securities exchange[6] H.R. 5334 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Div. A, Sec. 106(a)in which the Government of the Russian Federation has a controlling or majority ownership interest[6] H.R. 5334 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Div. A, Sec. 106(b)(2)(A)that is otherwise affiliated with the Government of the Russian Federation[6] H.R. 5334 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Div. A, Sec. 106(b)(2)(B)
  • U.S. banks and brokers may not send money to or from the Russian government unless a license covers the deal.
    6to or from the Government of the Russian Federation, including any entity owned by the Government of the Russian Federation[6] H.R. 5334 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Div. A, Sec. 105(a)(1)is authorized by a specific or general license[6] H.R. 5334 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Div. A, Sec. 105(b)
  • The President must bar Americans from dealing with Sberbank, VTB Bank, Gazprombank, and other banks the Russian government owns in whole or in part.
    6the President shall prohibit any United States person from engaging in any transaction with a financial institution described in subsection (a)(1)(B)[6] H.R. 5334 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Div. A, Sec. 103(b)any other financial institution organized under the laws of the Russian Federation and owned in whole or in part by the Government of the Russian Federation[6] H.R. 5334 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Div. A, Sec. 103(a)(1)(B)(iv)

Read the full breakdown of H.R. 5334

H.R. 2978

GUARD Act

Latest official action Sep 16, 2026 · Drafted by AI, awaiting review

If you work at a bank or credit union

Closer ties with local police

  • Police could name a contact person for banks and hold joint practice drills to stop scams.
    3designating a financial sector liaison to serve as a point of contact for financial institutions[3] Engrossed in House (September 15, 2026) · Sec. 3(a)(6)supporting training and tabletop exercises to enhance coordination and communication between financial institutions and State, local, Tribal, and Federal law enforcement agencies[3] Engrossed in House (September 15, 2026) · Sec. 3(a)(5)

Read the full breakdown of H.R. 2978

H.R. 3633

CLARITY Act

Latest official action Sep 15, 2026 · Drafted by AI, awaiting review by two people

If you work at a bank or credit union

Banks could use blockchain for work they already do

  • A national bank could use a digital asset or blockchain to do anything it is already allowed to do.
    4A national bank may use a digital asset or blockchain system to perform, provide, or deliver any activity, function, product, or service that the national bank is otherwise authorized by law to perform, provide, or deliver.[4] Engrossed in House (July 17, 2025) · Sec. 312(b)(1)
  • Regulators could not make banks list crypto they hold for customers as a liability on their balance sheet.
    4may not require a depository institution, national bank, Federal credit union, State credit union, trust company, broker, or dealer, or any affiliate thereof[4] Engrossed in House (July 17, 2025) · Sec. 310(a)to include assets held in custody that are not accounted for as assets of the entity as a liability on the financial statement or balance sheet of the entity, including digital commodity or permitted payment stablecoin custody or safekeeping services[4] Engrossed in House (July 17, 2025) · Sec. 310(a)(1)

If you use U.S. dollars

No digital dollar from the Fed

  • The Federal Reserve could not test, study, build, or issue a central bank digital currency.
    4The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System may not test, study, develop, create, or implement a central bank digital currency, or any digital asset that is substantially similar under any other name or label.[4] Engrossed in House (July 17, 2025) · Sec. 604 → inserted Federal Reserve Act 10(11)(A)
  • Federal Reserve banks could not offer financial products directly to people or hold accounts for them.
    4A Federal reserve bank may not[4] Engrossed in House (July 17, 2025) · Sec. 602 → inserted Federal Reserve Act 16(18)(A)offer financial products or services directly to an individual;[4] Engrossed in House (July 17, 2025) · Sec. 602 → inserted Federal Reserve Act 16(18)(A)(i)maintain an account on behalf of an individual; or[4] Engrossed in House (July 17, 2025) · Sec. 602 → inserted Federal Reserve Act 16(18)(A)(ii)

Read the full breakdown of H.R. 3633

S. 3977

Bankruptcy Threshold Adjustment Act of 2026

Latest official action Aug 10, 2026 · Drafted by AI, awaiting review

If you own a small business that is deep in debt

A quicker way to reorganize, for more businesses

  • You could use Subchapter V if your business owes up to $7,500,000, and at least 50 percent of it came from the business.
    2in an amount not more than $7,500,000 (excluding debts owed to 1 or more affiliates or insiders) not less than 50 percent of which arose from the commercial or business activities of the debtor[2] Engrossed in Senate (August 3, 2026) · Sec. 2(a) → inserted (1)(A)
  • Public companies that file reports with the SEC could not use it.
    2any debtor that is a corporation subject to the reporting requirements under section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934[2] Engrossed in Senate (August 3, 2026) · Sec. 2(a) → inserted (1)(B)(ii)
  • Its sponsors say it is cheaper and faster, so owners can keep the lights on.
    7This bill makes permanent a quicker and cheaper pathway for entrepreneurs to settle debts, keep the lights on, and keep serving their neighbors.[7] Senate Judiciary Committee press release: Senate Unanimously Passes Grassley-Durbin Bankruptcy Legislation (Aug. 4, 2026) · Aug. 4, 2026, Sen. Durbin

If your family is struggling with debt

More families could qualify for a Chapter 13 repayment plan

If you already filed for bankruptcy

It would not change your case

  • The new limits would apply only to cases filed after the bill becomes law.
    2The amendments made by this Act shall apply to any case that is commenced under title 11, United States Code, on or after the date of enactment of this Act.[2] Engrossed in Senate (August 3, 2026) · Sec. 3

Read the full breakdown of S. 3977

H.R. 6644

21st Century ROAD to Housing Act

Latest official action Jul 11, 2026 · Drafted by AI, awaiting review by two people

If you run a community bank or credit union

Some exam and deposit rules get easier

Read the full breakdown of H.R. 6644

S. 3424

Bankruptcy Administration Improvement Act of 2025

Latest official action Feb 6, 2026 · Drafted by AI, awaiting review

If you file for chapter 7 bankruptcy

Your filing fee stays the same

  • The law says it does not change the chapter 7 filing fee.
    2This Act will not alter the filing fee under chapter 7 of title 11, United States Code[2] Enrolled Bill · Sec. 2(10)
  • Courts can still waive the fee for people who cannot afford it.
    2will not modify, impair, or supersede the current authority of the district courts of the United States, or of bankruptcy courts, to waive the payment of filing fees by indigent individuals[2] Enrolled Bill · Sec. 2(10)
  • What changes is how the fee is split.
    2the remainder of fees collected under section 1930(a)(1)(A) of title 28, United States Code, after compensating trustees under section 330(b)(1) of title 11, United States Code, shall be deposited as follows[2] Enrolled Bill · Sec. 3(b)
  • In cases filed on or after the first October 1 after enactment, the trustee gets $105 of it instead of $45.
    2,7in subsection (b)(1) by striking $45 and inserting $105[2] Enrolled Bill · Sec. 3(a)(1)There shall be paid from the filing fee in a case under chapter 7 of this title $45 to the trustee serving in such case[7] 11 U.S.C. 330 (2024 edition), compensation of officers · (b)(1)shall apply to any case under title 11, United States Code, commenced on or after October 1 that first occurs after the date of enactment of this Act[2] Enrolled Bill · Sec. 6(b)(1)

If your business is in chapter 11 bankruptcy

A quarterly fee based on money paid out lasts 5 more years, and rises in big quarters

  • A quarterly fee paid to the U.S. trustee, based on the money paid out each quarter, now runs for 10 years from January 1, 2021, not 5.
    2,9in clause (i), by striking 5-year and inserting 10-year[2] Enrolled Bill · Sec. 4(a)(1)During the 5-year period beginning on January 1, 2021[9] 28 U.S.C. 1930 (2024 edition), bankruptcy fees · (a)(6)(B)(i)
  • Outside that period, current law instead sets the fee from a table of flat amounts, from $325 to $30,000 a quarter.
    9Except as provided in subparagraph (B), in addition to the filing fee paid to the clerk, a quarterly fee shall be paid to the United States trustee[9] 28 U.S.C. 1930 (2024 edition), bankruptcy fees · (a)(6)(A)The fee shall be $325 for each quarter in which disbursements total less than $15,000[9] 28 U.S.C. 1930 (2024 edition), bankruptcy fees · (a)(6)(A)$30,000 for each quarter in which disbursements total more than $30,000,000[9] 28 U.S.C. 1930 (2024 edition), bankruptcy fees · (a)(6)(A)
  • It still does not apply to cases under subchapter V.
    9in each open and reopened case under chapter 11 of title 11, other than under subchapter V[9] 28 U.S.C. 1930 (2024 edition), bankruptcy fees · (a)(6)(B)(i)
  • In a quarter when $1 million or more is paid out, the fee rises from 0.8 percent to 0.9 percent of that amount.
    2,9in subclause (II), by striking 0.8 and inserting 0.9[2] Enrolled Bill · Sec. 4(a)(2)(B)0.8 percent of disbursements but not more than $250,000 for each quarter in which disbursements total at least $1,000,000[9] 28 U.S.C. 1930 (2024 edition), bankruptcy fees · (a)(6)(B)(ii)(II)
  • The fee is still capped at $250,000 a quarter.
    90.8 percent of disbursements but not more than $250,000 for each quarter in which disbursements total at least $1,000,000[9] 28 U.S.C. 1930 (2024 edition), bankruptcy fees · (a)(6)(B)(ii)(II)
  • In smaller quarters, the fee is 0.4 percent of the money paid out or $250, whichever is greater.
    2,90.4 percent of disbursements or $250 for each quarter in which disbursements total less than $1,000,000[9] 28 U.S.C. 1930 (2024 edition), bankruptcy fees · (a)(6)(B)(ii)(I)by inserting the greater of before 0.4[2] Enrolled Bill · Sec. 4(a)(2)(A)(i)
  • In districts that are not part of a U.S. trustee region, the Judicial Conference must charge chapter 11 debtors equal fees, and the law's findings say the increase will apply there too.
    2,9In districts that are not part of a United States trustee region as defined in section 581 of this title, the Judicial Conference of the United States shall require the debtor in a case under chapter 11 of title 11 to pay fees equal to those imposed by paragraph (6) of this subsection[9] 28 U.S.C. 1930 (2024 edition), bankruptcy fees · (a)(7)ensure adequate funding of the United States trustee system through the increase of certain fees, which will also apply to districts that are not part of a United States trustee region as required by existing law[2] Enrolled Bill · Sec. 2(9)(B)

If you have a case in bankruptcy court

Some temporary judge seats can be refilled for 5 more years

Read the full breakdown of S. 3424

S. 1582

GENIUS Act

Latest official action Jul 18, 2025 · Drafted by AI, awaiting review by two people

If you work at a bank or credit union

You can still offer digital deposits and hold coins

Read the full breakdown of S. 1582

H.R. 1

One Big Beautiful Bill Act

Latest official action Jul 4, 2025 · Drafted by AI, awaiting review by two people

If you buy a new car with a loan

You may deduct up to $10,000 a year of interest

  • The loan must be taken out after December 31, 2024, for a new vehicle for personal use, and the vehicle must back the loan.
    6on indebtedness incurred by the taxpayer after December 31, 2024, for the purchase of, and that is secured by a first lien on, an applicable passenger vehicle for personal use.[6] H.R. 1 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 70203(a) → inserted (4)(B)(i)the original use of which commences with the taxpayer,[6] H.R. 1 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 70203(a) → inserted (4)(D)(i)
  • The vehicle's final assembly must be in the United States, leases do not count, and you must put the vehicle identification number (VIN) on your return.
    6Such term shall not include any vehicle the final assembly of which did not occur within the United States.[6] H.R. 1 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 70203(a) → inserted (4)(D)Any lease financing.[6] H.R. 1 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 70203(a) → inserted (4)(B)(ii)(III)Interest shall not be treated as qualified passenger vehicle loan interest under this paragraph unless the taxpayer includes the vehicle identification number of the applicable passenger vehicle described in clause (i) on the return of tax for the taxable year.[6] H.R. 1 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 70203(a) → inserted (4)(B)(iii)
  • The deduction is capped at $10,000 a year and shrinks by $200 for each $1,000 of income above $100,000, or $200,000 on a joint return.
    6The amount of interest taken into account by a taxpayer under subparagraph (B) for any taxable year shall not exceed $10,000.[6] H.R. 1 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 70203(a) → inserted (4)(C)(i)by $200 for each $1,000 (or portion thereof) by which the modified adjusted gross income of the taxpayer for the taxable year exceeds $100,000 ($200,000 in the case of a joint return).[6] H.R. 1 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 70203(a) → inserted (4)(C)(ii)(I)
  • You can take it even if you do not itemize.
    6so much of the deduction allowed by section 163(a) as is attributable to the exception under section 163(h)(4)(A).[6] H.R. 1 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 70203(b) → inserted (7)
  • It covers only tax years that begin after December 31, 2024 and before January 1, 2029.
    6In the case of taxable years beginning after December 31, 2024, and before January 1, 2029, for purposes of this subsection the term personal interest shall not include qualified passenger vehicle loan interest.[6] H.R. 1 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 70203(a) → inserted (4)(A)

If you have or plan to take out federal student loans

New borrowing caps and a new repayment plan

  • Graduate PLUS loans end for loan periods starting on or after July 1, 2026, except for some students already enrolled.
    6for any period of instruction beginning on or after July 1, 2026, a graduate or professional student shall not be eligible to receive a Federal Direct PLUS Loan under this part.[6] H.R. 1 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 81001(1)(C) → inserted (C)during the expected time to credential described in subparagraph (B)[6] H.R. 1 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 81001(2) → inserted (8)(A)
  • Graduate students can then borrow up to $20,500 a year and $100,000 in total beyond undergraduate loans. Professional students can borrow up to $50,000 a year and $200,000 in total.
    6a graduate student, who is not a professional student, may borrow in any academic year or its equivalent shall be $20,500; and[6] H.R. 1 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 81001(2) → inserted (4)(A)(i)who is not (and has not been) a professional student, may borrow for programs of study described in subparagraph (C)(i) shall be $100,000; or[6] H.R. 1 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 81001(2) → inserted (4)(B)(i)(I)a professional student may borrow in any academic year or its equivalent shall be $50,000.[6] H.R. 1 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 81001(2) → inserted (4)(A)(ii)who is not (and has not been) a graduate student, may borrow for programs of study described in subparagraph (C)(ii) shall be $200,000; or[6] H.R. 1 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 81001(2) → inserted (4)(B)(ii)(I)
  • Parents can borrow up to $20,000 a year and $65,000 in total for each child.
    6may be borrowed on behalf of that dependent student by all parents of that dependent student shall be $20,000.[6] H.R. 1 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 81001(2) → inserted (5)(A)may be borrowed on behalf of that dependent student by all parents of that dependent student shall be $65,000[6] H.R. 1 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 81001(2) → inserted (5)(B)
  • Each student has a lifetime limit of $257,500.
    6shall be $257,500, without regard to any amounts repaid, forgiven, canceled, or otherwise discharged on any such loan.[6] H.R. 1 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 81001(2) → inserted (6)
  • Students enrolled as of June 30, 2026 who have a loan for their program keep the old limits for up to three academic years.
    6during the expected time to credential described in subparagraph (B)[6] H.R. 1 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 81001(2) → inserted (8)(A)with respect to an individual who, as of June 30, 2026—[6] H.R. 1 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 81001(2) → inserted (8)(A)three academic years; or[6] H.R. 1 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 81001(2) → inserted (8)(B)(i)
  • New loans from July 1, 2026 get two repayment choices: a fixed plan of 10 to 25 years, or the new Repayment Assistance Plan.
    6Beginning on July 1, 2026, the Secretary shall offer a borrower of a loan made under this part on or after such date (including such a borrower who also has a loan made under this part before such date) two plans for repayment[6] H.R. 1 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 82001(b)(3) → inserted (7)(A)for a borrower with total outstanding principal of less than $25,000, a period of 10 years;[6] H.R. 1 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 82001(b)(3) → inserted (7)(A)(i)(II)(aa)for a borrower with total outstanding principal of $100,000 or more, a period of 25 years; or[6] H.R. 1 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 82001(b)(3) → inserted (7)(A)(i)(II)(dd)beginning on July 1, 2026, the Secretary shall carry out an income-based repayment plan (to be known as the Repayment Assistance Plan), that shall have the following terms and conditions:[6] H.R. 1 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 82001(d) → inserted (q)(1)
  • Under that plan, payments are based on 1 to 10 percent of your adjusted gross income, minus $50 a month for each dependent, with a $10 monthly minimum.
    6more than $10,000 and not more than $20,000, is 1 percent of such adjusted gross income;[6] H.R. 1 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 82001(d) → inserted (q)(4)(B)(iv)(II)more than $100,000, is 10 percent of such adjusted gross income.[6] H.R. 1 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 82001(d) → inserted (q)(4)(B)(iv)(XI)In the case of a borrower with an applicable monthly payment amount calculated under clause (i) that is less than $10, the applicable monthly payment of the borrower shall be $10.[6] H.R. 1 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 82001(d) → inserted (q)(4)(B)(ii)$50 for each dependent of the borrower[6] H.R. 1 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 82001(d) → inserted (q)(4)(B)(i)(II)
  • Any balance left after 360 qualifying monthly payments is canceled.
    6the date on which the borrower has made 360 qualifying monthly payments.[6] H.R. 1 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 82001(d) → inserted (q)(1)(D)(ii)The Secretary shall cancel any outstanding balance of principal and interest due on a loan made under this part to a borrower—[6] H.R. 1 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 82001(d) → inserted (q)(1)(E)
  • People in some current income-based plans must pick a new plan before July 1, 2028.
    6The Secretary of Education shall take such steps as may be necessary to ensure that before July 1, 2028, each borrower who has one or more loans that are in a repayment status in accordance with, or an administrative forbearance associated with, an income contingent repayment plan[6] H.R. 1 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 82001(a)(1)

If you send money to another country

A 1 percent tax on some transfers

  • A 1 percent tax applies to remittance transfers made after December 31, 2025, but only when the sender pays with cash, a money order, a cashier's check or a similar physical instrument. The sender owes the tax.
    6There is hereby imposed on any remittance transfer a tax equal to 1 percent of the amount of such transfer.[6] H.R. 1 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 70604(a) → inserted C4475(a)The amendments made by this section shall apply to transfers made after December 31, 2025.[6] H.R. 1 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 70604(c)The tax imposed under subsection (a) shall apply only to any remittance transfer for which the sender provides cash, a money order, a cashier's check, or any other similar physical instrument (as determined by the Secretary) to the remittance transfer provider.[6] H.R. 1 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 70604(a) → inserted C4475(c)The tax imposed by this section with respect to any remittance transfer shall be paid by the sender with respect to such transfer.[6] H.R. 1 as passed by both chambers (enrolled) · Sec. 70604(a) → inserted C4475(b)(1)

Read the full breakdown of H.R. 1

H.R. 3301

ELEVATE Act of 2025

Latest official action Jun 24, 2025 · Drafted by AI, awaiting review

If you own or invest in a growing company

Less paperwork for a spinoff

  • A spinoff is when one company creates a new, separate company out of part of its business.
    7a spinoff, which is a transaction in which one company creates a new, independent company by selling new shares of its existing business[7] Congressional Record, House, June 23, 2025 (H2871-H2872) · H2872, Rep. Sherman
  • Spinoffs from these companies would need 2 years of audited profit and loss statements, the same as when they first go public.
    3,6in paragraph (1)(K), by striking years, and inserting years (or, in the case of an emerging growth company, not more than the two preceding years)[3] Engrossed in House (June 23, 2025) · Sec. 2(1)Currently, the spinoff of an EGC does not benefit from the two-year financial statement accommodation, which applies only to IPO registration.[6] H. Rept. 119-121 · Background
  • Any company could get private feedback from regulators on a draft filing before the public sees it.
    7Any issuer may confidentially submit to the Commission a draft registration statement for confidential nonpublic review by the staff of the Commission prior to public filing[7] Congressional Record, House, June 23, 2025 (H2871-H2872) · H2871, bill text as printed

If you buy stock

Filings become public later

  • Private drafts must be made public at least 10 days before the stock is listed on an exchange.
    7the initial confidential submission and all amendments thereto shall be publicly filed with the Commission not later than 10 days before listing on a national securities exchange[7] Congressional Record, House, June 23, 2025 (H2871-H2872) · H2871, bill text as printed
  • Until then, regulators cannot be forced to release them, even through a public records request.
    7the Commission shall not be compelled to disclose any information provided to or obtained by the Commission pursuant to this subsection[7] Congressional Record, House, June 23, 2025 (H2871-H2872) · H2871, bill text as printedFor purposes of section 552 of title 5, this subsection shall be considered a statute described in subsection (b)(3)(B) of such section 552[7] Congressional Record, House, June 23, 2025 (H2871-H2872) · H2871, bill text as printed

Read the full breakdown of H.R. 3301

Breakdowns marked “Drafted by AI” passed our automatic checks and are waiting for human review, as shown on each bill page.